2018—2021年保定市流行性感冒流行特征及监测质量评价  

Epidemic characteristic of influenza in Baoding City from 2018-2021 and evaluation of monitoring quality

作　　者：王磊[1] 郭旭 许振华 孙明 王颖颖 周美静[1] WANG Lei;GUO Xu;XU Zhen-hua;SUN Ming;WANG Ying-ying;ZHOU Mei-jing(Enrironmental Health Monitoring and Eraluation Section,Baoding City Center for Disease Control and Prerention,Baoding Hebei,071000,China)

机构地区：[1]保定市疾病预防控制中心环境健康监测与评价科,河北保定071000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第16期2231-2234,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：河北省卫健委2021年度河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20210358)。

摘　　要：目的了解2018—2021年保定市流行性感冒(流感)流行特征和监测工作质量。方法依托“中国流感监测信息系统”,分析2018—2021年保定市3个年度的流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)、病原学、和暴发疫情监测数据,评价监测质量。结果保定市哨点医院3个流行年度上报流感样病例就诊比例(ILI%)依次为2.12%、3.43%和1.32%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4674.431,P<0.01),2019—2020年流行水平最高,2018—2020两个年度冬季流行高峰明显,2020—2021年度流行高峰未出现;发病人群集中在<15岁人群。3个年度咽拭子标本阳性率依次为13.74%、7.99%和0,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)趋势=334.203,P<0.01),呈逐年递减(线性和线性组合的χ^(2)=331.497,P<0.01);ILI标本核酸检测阳性型别有H3N2、甲型H1N1、B-Victoria和混合型,各年度优势毒株交替变化;<15岁人群标本核酸检测阳性率最高;3个年度从核酸阳性标本中分离出61株流感病毒。3个年度共报告ILI聚集疫情14起,均为流感疫情,集中于中小学和幼儿园的3~15岁的人群。3个年度哨点医院ILI报告及时率均达到98%以上,无缺报或漏报,标本采集数符合率达到99.5%以上,48 h送检及时率都>98%,2018—2020两个年度有ILI聚集疫情报告。结论2018—2021年ILI以<15岁人群为主,高峰期是冬春季,优势毒株交替出现,聚集疫情主要在中小学和幼儿园发生。保定市流感监测系统运行较好,但仍需加强哨点医院ILI监测信息化建设,强化网络实验室能力建设,提高工作人员的技术水平,持续做好监测网络管理和质量控制。Objective To understand the epidemic characteristic and monitoring quality of influenza in Baoding City from 2018-2021.Methods The surveillance data of influenza-like illness(ILI)cases,etiology and outbreaks in Baoding City during the period of2018-2021 were analyzed based on the"China influenza surveillance information system",and the monitoring quality was evaluated.Results The proportion of ILI cases reported by sentinel hospitals in three epidemic years was 2.12%,3.43%and1.32%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4674.431,P<0.01).The epidemic level during2019-2020 was the highest,the winter epidemic peaks of 2018-2020 were obvious,and there was no epidemic peak in 2020-2021.The cases were mostly people aged<15 years old.The positive rate of throat swab specimens in three years was 13.74%,7.99%and 0,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)trend=334.203,P<0.01),which decreased year by year(Linear and linear combinationχ^(2)=331.497,P<0.01).The positive types of nucleic acid test in ILI samples were H3N2,influenza(A)H1N1,B-Victoria and mixed type,and the he dominant strains alternated from year to year.The positive rate was the highest in people aged<15 years old.61 strains of influenza virus were isolated from nucleic acid positive specimens in three years.A total of 14 ILI outbreaks were reported,all of which were influenza outbreaks and were concentrated among people aged3-15 years old in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.In the three sentinel hospitals,the timely reporting rate of ILI was over 98%,there were no missing reports or omission,the coincidence rate of specimen collection was over 99.5%,the timely reporting rate of 48 hours examination was over 98%,and there were reports of ILI outbreaks in 2018-2020.Conclusion From2018 to 2021,the ILI cases mainly occur in people aged<15 years old,the peak season is in winter and spring,the dominant strains appear alternately,and the outbreaks mainly occur in primary and secondary schools a

关 键 词：保定市 流感监测 流行特征 质量评价 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]