干播湿出模式下不同出苗水对棉花生理性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Seedling Emergence Water on Physiological Characters and Yield of Cotton Under Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence Mode

作　　者：袁席天 白云岗 孙三民[1] 刘洪波 郑明 肖军 YUAN Xi-tian;BAI Yun-gang;SUN San-min;LIU Hong-bo;ZHENG Ming;XIAO Jun(College of Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinajiang,China;Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第9期46-51,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项项目“棉田高效节水技术及产品开发集成与应用”(2020A01002-1);新疆院士工作站合作研究项目(2020.D-004)。

摘　　要：针对新疆南疆地区干旱环境,常规冬春灌耗水严重,不利于南疆水资源的可持续发展,探索干播湿出环境下出苗期适宜的灌水方式。在南疆沙雅县开展大田试验,设置7个不同灌水量及频率处理(C1:675 m^(3)/hm^(2),C2:900 m^(3)/hm^(2),C3:1125 m^(3)/hm^(2),C4:675+225 m^(3)/hm^(2),C5:675+450 m^(3)/hm^(2),C6:675+300+150 m^(3)/hm^(2),CK:冬灌2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)),研究不同出苗水量和滴水频次对棉花株高、茎粗、出苗率、干物质累积量等生长指标、产量及其构成要素(单株铃数、收获密度)的影响。结果表明:CK处理出苗率最高,C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6出苗率分别为对照的81.48%,88.62%,67.35%,95.01%,73.66%与80.06%。在苗期,C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6处理株高分别对比CK减少10.63%,10.37%,36.33%,8.05%,22.45%,26.74%;茎粗分别对比CK减少2.14%,6.05%,31.67%,4.27%,12.81%,16.73%。冬灌棉单株铃重与籽棉产量的相关性最高(r=0.646),干播湿出棉收获密度与籽棉产量相关最密切(r=0.748)。CK处理在苗期出苗率、棉花生长指标以及后期产量及其构成要素要显著高于其他处理,C4处理在出苗率、收获密度以及籽棉产量均与CK处理处于同一水平。出苗水量大于675 m^(3)/hm^(2)时,同一滴水频次下,棉花出苗率随灌溉定额的减少而增加,C2处理棉花出苗率、苗期生长状况、后期产量及其构成要素高于C3处理,C4高于C5处理。同一灌水量下,棉花出苗率随滴灌次数的增加而升高,C4处理棉花出苗率、产量及其构成要素高于C2、C5处理,C6高于C3处理。综合各处理出苗、生长状况及产量情况,C4为最佳出苗水处理。In view of the arid environment in southern Xinjiang,the water consumption of conventional winter and spring irrigation mode is serious,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of water resources in southern Xinjiang.In this study,a field experiment was carried out in Shaya County,southern Xinjiang.Seven different irrigation treatments(C1 of 675 m^(3)/hm^(2),C2 of 900 m^(3)/hm^(2),C3 of 1125 m^(3)hm^(2),C4 of 675+225 m^(3)/hm^(2),C5 of 675+450 m^(3)/hm^(2),C6 of 675+300+150 m^(3)/hm^(2),CK of winter irrigation 180 m^(3)/hm^(2))were set up to study the effects of different seedling emergence water and drip frequency on cotton flower height,stem diameter,seedling emergence rate,dry matter accumulation and other growth indicators,yield and its constituent elements(number of bolls per plant,harvest density).The results showed that the emergence rates of C1,C2,C3,C4,C5 and C6 were 81.48%,88.62%,67.35%,95.01%,73.66%and 80.06%of the control respectively.At seedling stage,compared with CK,the plant height of C1,C2,C3,C4,C5 and C6 treatments decreased CK by 10.63%10.37%,36.33%,8.05%,22.45%and 26.74%respectively,and the stem diameter decreased CK by 2.14%,6.05%,31.67%,4.27%,12.81%and 16.73%respectively.The correlation between Boll Weight per plant of winter irrigation cotton and seed cotton yield was the highest(r=0.646),and the harvest density of dry sowing wet cotton was the most closely related to seed cotton yield(r=0.748).The CK treatment was significantly higher than other treatments in seedling emergence rate,cotton growth index,late yield and its components.The C4 treatment was at the same level as CK treatment in seedling emergence rate,harvest density and seed cotton yield.When the emergence water amount was greater than 675 m^(3)/hm^(2),under the same drip frequency,the cotton emergence rate increased with the decrease of irrigation quota.The cotton emergence rate,seedling growth status,late yield and its constituent elements of C2 treatment were higher than those of C3 treatment and those of C4 tre

关 键 词：棉花 干播湿出 出苗水 灌水量 灌水频次 出苗期灌水方式 出苗率 生长状况 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]