不同灌溉方式下稻田氮磷排放特征  

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emisssion Under Different Irrigation Modes in Paddy Fields

作　　者：伯彦萍 张春雷 孙一迪 付杰[1] 蔡长举[1] 李长江[1] 安美运 BO Yan-ping;ZHANG Chun-lei;SUN Yi-di;FU Jie;CAI Chang-ju;LI Chang-jiang;AN Mei-yun(Guizhou Institute of Water Conservancy Science,Guiyang 550002,China;Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省水利科学研究院,贵阳550002 [2]扬州大学,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第9期93-99,107,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：贵州省水利厅科研项目(KT201814,KT201904,KT202011)。

摘　　要：稻田中氮磷污染物的排放引发了严重的农业面源污染问题。在不同的地区或试验条件下,不同灌溉方式对稻田氮磷损失的研究结果存在差异,尤其是科学蓄雨灌溉条件下有关此方面的研究更少。因此,2019年在贵州省天柱县(平均降水量1444.5 mm,属平水年)开展了不同灌溉方式(科学蓄雨灌溉、浅湿灌溉和传统淹灌)对整个生育期内稻田田面径流和渗漏液中氮、磷素浓度动态变化特征及排放量,土中氮磷残余量影响的试验研究。结果表明:科学蓄雨灌溉相对于浅湿灌溉和淹灌分别降低灌水量24.7%和18.7%。田面径流液和渗漏液中氮磷浓度的峰值出现在基肥和追肥后,科学蓄雨灌溉径流液氮磷浓度峰值最大;整个生育期的大部分时段渗漏液中氮浓度变化表现为浅湿灌溉>科学蓄雨灌溉>淹灌;拔节期前的大部分时段,科学蓄雨灌溉的渗漏液磷素浓度最大。科学蓄雨灌溉和浅湿灌溉的氮素排放总量和污染物总排放量差异不显著,且显著低于传统淹灌;磷素排放总量表现为传统淹灌>科学蓄雨灌溉>浅湿灌溉。总体上,相对于传统淹灌,科学蓄雨灌溉降低氮素总排放量18.6%,降低磷素总排放量29.0%,降低氮、磷素总排放量达16.0%。综上,科学蓄雨灌溉由于其高效利用降雨,显著提高了水分利用率,并能降低氮和磷的田面径流和渗漏损失量,促进了稻田水肥资源高效利用。The emission of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field has caused serious agricultural non-point source pollution problems.In different regions or experimental conditions,the effect of different irrigation methods on the emisssion of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field is different,especially under scientific rainfall irrigation,there is less research on this aspect.Therefore,in 2019(with an average precipitation of 1444.5 mm,belonging to a normal water year),an experimental study was carried out in Tianzhu County,Guizhou Province to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods(scientific rainfall irrigation,shallow wet irrigation and continuously flooded irrigation)on the dynamic change characteristics and emission amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff and leachate,residual nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil in paddy field.The results showed that,compared with shallow wet irrigation and continuously flooded irrigation,scientific rainfall irrigation reduced water consumption by 24.7%and 18.7%,respectively.The peak concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in field runoff and leakage solution appeared after base fertilizer and topdressing,and the peak concentration of liquid nitrogen and phosphorus in scientific rain storage irrigation runoff was the largest.The change of nitrogen concentration in the leakage fluid during most of the whole growth period showed shallow wet irrigation>scientific rainfall irrigation>continuously flooded irrigation.During most of the period before jointing,the phosphorus concentration of the leakage fluid of scientific rain storage irrigation was the highest.There was no significant difference in total nitrogen emission and total pollutant emission between scientific rain storage irrigation and shallow wet irrigation,which were significantly lower than those of continuously flooded irrigation.The total phosphorus emission showed continuously flooded irrigation>scientific rainfall irrigation>shallow wet irrigation.In general,compared with continuously flooded irriga

关 键 词：稻田 科学蓄雨灌溉 氮排放 磷排放 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]