种植密度与氮肥互作对全膜双垄沟播春玉米产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize with Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges

作　　者：许玥 沈洪政 孙维乾 李世磊 马孝义[1,2] XU Yue;SHEN Hong-zheng;SUN Wei-qian;LI Shi-lei;MA Xiao-yi(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第9期100-107,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124);国家自然科学基金项目(51809217)。

摘　　要：陇中地区是我国雨养春玉米重要产地,但该区长期存在氮肥利用效率低和种植密度不合理等问题,因此,在甘肃省定西市开展春玉米氮肥和种植密度试验,以期提出陇中雨养区维持春玉米高产效的种植密度与施氮方案。以先玉335为研究对象,采用裂区试验设计方法,设置种植密度和施氮量2个因子。主区为种植密度(D),设置3个水平,D1:3.5万株/hm^(2),D2:5.5万株/hm^(2),D3:7.5万株/hm^(2)。副区为氮肥施用量(N),设置4个水平,N1:0 kg/hm^(2),N2:180 kg/hm^(2),N3:225 kg/hm^(2),N4:270 kg/hm^(2),研究了种植密度与氮肥互作对春玉米生长、产量、氮素利用效率以及土壤硝态氮残留的影响。结果表明:不同的种植密度与氮肥施用量对春玉米生长、产量和氮肥利用效率均有显著影响,且两者交互作用明显。中等密度中等氮肥施量(D2N3)处理下春玉米产量最大(10203 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥利用效率最高(37.5%)。氮肥利用效率较其他处理提高了39.0%-47.1%。同时,春玉米收获时,D2N3处理的土壤硝态氮含量也较低。综合考虑产量、氮肥利用效率和土壤氮素残留,密度为5.5万株/hm^(2),施氮量为225 kg/hm^(2)是陇中雨养区春玉米种植的最佳密度和氮肥组合。The middle part of Gansu province is an important producing area of rain-fed spring maize in China,but the long-standing low planting density and nitrogen use efficiency is not reasonable.Therefore,this study carried out experiments on nitrogen fertilizer and planting density of spring maize in Dingxi City,Gansu Province,in order to put forward planting density and nitrogen application scheme to maintain high yield and efficiency of spring maize in rain-fed areas of middle part of Gansu province.In this study,Xianyu 335 was selected as the research object,and two factors,planting density and nitrogen application rate,were set by split plot experimental design.The main area was planting density(D),which was set at three levels,including D1 of 35000 plants/hm^(2),D2 of 55000 plants/hm^(2),and D3 of 75000 plants/hm^(2)Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application rate(N),N1of 0 kg/hm^(2),N2 of 180 kg/hm^(2),N3 of 225 kg/hm^(2),and N4 of 270 kg/hm^(2),were set in the secondary area.The effects of the interaction between planting density and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth,yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate residue of spring maize were studied.The results showed that different planting density and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on growth,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize,and their interaction was obvious.Under medium density and medium nitrogen application rate(D2N3),spring maize yield(10203 kg/hm^(2))and nitrogen use efficiency(37.5%)were the highest.Compared with other treatments,N use efficiency was increased by 39.0%to 47.1%.At the same time,the nitrate content of soil treated with D2N3 was also low during spring corn harvest.Considering the yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen residue,the optimal combination of density and nitrogen fertilizer was 55000 plants/hm^(2)and 225 kg/hm^(2),respectively.

关 键 词：全膜双垄沟播玉米 施氮量 种植密度 产量 氮肥利用效率 土壤硝态氮残留 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S282