农村金融市场竞争对农村普惠金融发展的影响  

Impact of Rural Financial Market Competition on the Development of Rural Inclusive Finance

作　　者：燕翔 冯兴元[2] YAN Xiang;FENG Xingyuan(Institute of Finance and Banking,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710;Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院金融研究所,北京100710 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《江汉学术》2022年第5期17-28,共12页JIANGHAN ACADEMIC

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“金融摩擦、杠杆率与经济增长:基于微观数据和HANK模型的研究”(72003007)。

摘　　要：长期以来,我国农村金融市场主要以农信机构为主导,市场竞争不充分。根据金融结构理论和农村金融市场的竞争范式,加强农村银行业金融机构的竞争有助于实现资源的最优配置。通过构建农村普惠金融服务指标体系的方法,可对当前农村普惠金融服务水平进行测度,然后利用各农商行贷款余额占当地贷款余额的比例对农村金融市场竞争程度进行度量,最后采用面板Tobit的随机效应模型对农村银行业竞争对农村普惠金融服务水平的影响进行实证检验。研究发现,农村金融市场的竞争程度越充分,越有利于该地区普惠金融服务水平的提升。这里强调一种差异化竞争,即市场内各种金融机构通过提供不同的产品和服务提升自己的市场份额。人均GDP水平越低的地区,农村银行业市场竞争性的提高越有利于农村普惠金融服务水平的改善。与农村储蓄相比,农村银行业金融机构竞争程度的提升对于农村贷款的改善程度更大,因此提高农村金融市场的竞争水平,更有利于解决当前“贷款难、贷款贵”的难题。China’s rural financial market has been dominated by rural credit institutions for a long period of time,with inadequate competition. According to financial structure theories and rural financial market competition patterns,enhancing rural banking and financial institutions is conduce to realizing the optimal allocation of resources. The service level of current rural inclusive finance is measured by constructing a rural inclusive financial service indicator system;the proportion of loan balance of rural commercial banks to the local loan balance is used to measure the competition degree of rural financial market;and finally,the panel Tobit random effects model is taken to conduct an empirical test of the influence of rural banking competition on rural inclusive financial service level. The research findings are as follows:The more sufficient competition in rural financial market,the more conducive it is to the improvement of local inclusive financial service level;but the competition should be diversified,that is,the financing institutions in the market should improve their own market shares by offering diversified products and services. The lower the GDP per capita in one area,the more conducive it is for the boost of rural banking market competition to improve the service level of rural inclusive finance. Compared with rural savings,the boost of competition level among rural banking and financial institutions can better improve rural loans;therefore,improving the competition level of rural financial market is more helpful for solving the current problem of“difficult and expensive to get a loan”.

关 键 词：农村金融市场 普惠金融 金融结构 农村银行 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F832.35[经济管理—金融学] F320