建筑施工扬尘排放特征及防治对策  

Construction Dust Emission Characteristics and Countermeasures

作　　者：郑丹 ZHENG Dan(Xianyang Vocational Technical College,School of Medicine and Chemical Engineering,Xianyang 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳职业技术学院医药化工学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《粉煤灰综合利用》2022年第4期135-139,共5页Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization

基　　金：陕西省教育厅一般专项科学研究计划项目(21JK0970)。

摘　　要：为解决建筑施工扬尘现象对环境及人体健康产生的多种问题,采用“四维通量法”获取扬尘排放因子并对实际施工场景进行模拟设置,利用M-3型光散射法仪在相对湿度80%的监测标准下选取198 d有效数据对建筑施工扬尘的浓度特征进行分析。根据分析结果可知:扬尘净浓度的月变化特征呈现出5、6月份较高,7月份最低的现象;日变化特征在不同施工阶段有所不同,地基开挖阶段14时最高,12时最低,地基建设阶段9时最高,19时最低,一般建设与土方回填阶段11时最高,20时最低。整体上各阶段的扬尘浓度高低为:地基开挖>地基建设>一般建设及土方回填。根据分析结果以及扬尘排放量的影响因素给出了科学合理的建筑施工扬尘污染防治对策,以期可以有效降低建筑施工扬尘对人体和环境的危害。In order to solve the construction dust phenomenon produced by a variety of problems to the environment and human health, the “four dimensional flux method” for dust emission factor and set up to simulate the actual construction scene, use the M-type 3 light scattering method, the relative humidity of 80% selected 198 days under the monitoring standards of effective data analysis of construction characteristics of dust concentration.According to the analysis results, the monthly variation characteristics of dust net concentration are higher in May and June, and lowest in July.The diurnal variation characteristics are different in different construction stages.The diurnal variation characteristics are highest at 14:00 and lowest at 12:00 in foundation excavation stage, highest at 9:00 and lowest at 19:00 in foundation construction stage, highest at 11:00 and lowest at 20:00 in general construction and earthwork backfilling stage.On the whole, the dust concentration in each stage is as follows: foundation excavation > foundation construction > general construction and earthwork backfilling.According to the analysis results and the influence factors of dust emission, the scientific and reasonable countermeasures of construction dust pollution are given in order to effectively reduce the harm of construction dust to human body and environment.

关 键 词：建筑工程 施工扬尘 排放特征 防治对策 

分 类 号：X799.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]