饲粮能量水平对育肥牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵特征的影响  

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Fattening Yaks

作　　者：次旦央吉 李鑫 孙光明 索朗扎西 洛桑扎西 索朗 次央 彭全辉 巴桑旺堆[2] 朱彦宾 CIDAN Yangji;LI Xin;SUN Guangming;SUOLANG Zhaxi;LUOSANG Zhaxi;SUOLANG;CIYANG;PENG Quanhui;BASANG Wangdui;ZHU Yanbin(Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Linzhou County,Linzhou 851600,China;Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850009,China;Institute of Animal Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]拉萨市林周县畜牧兽医站,林周851600 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850009 [3]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2022年第5期44-49,共6页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：林周县格桑塘牦牛选育与高效扩繁(QYXTZX-LS2020-01);牦牛种业创新与健康养殖(XZ202101ZD0002N);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为研究舍饲条件下育肥牦牛的能量需要,试验设计3种不同能量水平的日粮,考察其对育肥牦牛生长性能、血清免疫指标、瘤胃发酵特征以及营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择2.5岁体重相近(204.50 kg±3.34 kg)的健康育肥期娘亚牦牛36头,按单因子试验设计分为3组,每个处理组12头牛(公母各半),试验结束前4 d进行消化试验,试验结束当天晨饲前采集血液进行测定。结果表明,随日粮能量浓度的提高牦牛平均日增重升高(P=0.014),料重比降低(P=0.034),牦牛血清中血糖浓度提高(P=0.035),尿素氮降低(P=0.003)。随日粮能量浓度的提高,牦牛血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力提高(P=0.042),丙二醛降低(P=0.012),白介素-2(P=0.036)和白介素-10提高(P=0.024),肿瘤坏死因子-α降低(P=0.035)。随日粮能量浓度的提高,牦牛瘤胃中微生物蛋白合成量(P=0.006)和总挥发性脂肪酸升高(P=0.033),氨氮(P=0.015)和乙酸:丙酸(P=0.031)降低。日粮中粗蛋白(P=0.013)和中性洗涤纤维(P=0.032)表观消化率提高。综上所述,高能量水平日粮可提高育肥期牦牛瘤胃微生物蛋白合成,改善机体糖、氮代谢,提高机体抗氧化能力,降低炎症反应,改善机体健康,促进牦牛生长。In order to study the energy needs of fattening yaks under house feeding conditions,three diets with different energy levels were designed to investigate their effects on the growth performance,serum immune indexes,rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients apparent digestibility of fattening yaks.36 healthy yaks of 2.5-year-old with similar body weight(204.50 kg±3.34 kg)were allocated to three treatment groups according to the single factor experiment design,with 12 yaks in each treatment group(half male and half female).The digestion trial was conducted in four days before the end of the experiment and the serum was collected for determination on the morning before feeding on the end of the experiment.The results showed that with the increase of dietary energy concentration,ADG of yak increased(P=0.014),FCR decreased(P=0.034),serum Glu increased(P=0.035)and UN decreased(P=0.003).With the increase of dietary energy concentration,serum SOD of yak increased(P=0.042),while MDA decreased(P=0.012),IL-2(P=0.036)and IL-10 increased(P=0.024),and TNF-αdecreased(P=0.035).With the increase of dietary energy concentration,the MCP(P=0.006)and TVFA in the rumen of yak increased(P=0.033),and NH3-N(P=0.015)and ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid(P=0.031)decreased.The apparent digestibility of CP(P=0.013)and NDF(P=0.032)increased.In conclusion,high energy diet improved rumen microbial protein synthesis,glucose and nitrogen metabolism,increased antioxidant capacity,decreased inflammatory response,and finally improved health and growth performance of yaks.

关 键 词：能量水平 育肥牦牛 生长性能 生化指标 瘤胃发酵 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]