稻蟹共生系统温室气体排放特征及其影响因素  

Greenhouse gas emission characteristics and influencing factors of rice–crab symbiosis system

作　　者：张怡彬 徐洋 王洪媛[1] 王绍蓬 翟丽梅[1] 刘宏斌[1] ZHANG Yibin;XU Yang;WANG Hongyuan;WANG Shaopeng;ZHAI Limei;LIU Hongbin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2022年第5期931-939,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项。

摘　　要：稻田是农业温室气体排放的重要来源。近年来,稻田综合种养模式发展迅速,但其对温室气体排放的影响具有较大争议。为明确我国东北地区典型稻田种养模式——稻蟹共生系统温室气体排放特征,在辽宁省盘锦市大洼区开展微区试验,设置持续淹水水稻单作、晒田水稻单作和稻蟹共生3种处理,开展了不同稻田生态系统下温室气体排放特征及其主要影响因素研究。结果表明:稻蟹共生能够降低稻田N_(2)O排放,与持续淹水水稻单作处理和晒田水稻单作处理相比,稻蟹共生处理N_(2)O排放量分别降低23.9%和16.7%。稻蟹共生对CH_(4)排放的影响则取决于水稻单作的水分管理模式。相比于持续淹水水稻单作处理,稻蟹共生处理使CH_(4)排放量降低13.5%;然而相比于晒田水稻单作处理,则使CH_(4)排放量增加34.0%。整体而言,与持续淹水水稻单作处理相比,稻蟹共生处理降低了13.6%的增温潜势;与晒田水稻单作处理相比,却增加了32.6%的增温潜势。冗余分析表明,在稻田生态系统中,温室气体排放主要受田面水溶解氧和pH以及土壤中NO^(-)_(3)-N含量和pH的影响。综上,从温室气体减排潜力的角度看,与持续淹水水稻单作系统相比,稻蟹共生模式可以降低N_(2)O和CH_(4)等温室气体排放;而与晒田水稻单作系统相比,持续淹水的稻蟹共生模式会增加温室气体排放。Paddy fields are important sources of agricultural greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.In recent years,the paddy field integrated planting and rearing model has developed rapidly,but its impact on GHGs has been controversial.The aim of this study was to clarify the GHG emission characteristics of rice-crab symbiosis in typical paddy fields in northeast China.Micro-area experiments with three treatments,rice monoculture with continuous flooding(RM-F),rice monoculture with alternation of wetting and drying(RM-D),and rice-crab symbiosis(RC),were set up in the Dawa area of Panjin City,Liaoning Province.The characteristics of GHG emissions and their main influencing factors in the different paddy ecosystems were studied.The results showed that rice-crab symbiosis could significantly reduce N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields.Compared with RM-F and RM-D,the RC treatment decreased 23.9%and 16.7%in N_(2)O emissions,respectively.The effect of rice-crab symbiosis on CH_(4) emissions depended on the water management of the rice monoculture.Compared with the RM-F treatment,CH_(4) emissions were 13.5%lower in the RC treatment.However,compared with the RM-D treatment,CH_(4) emissions were 34.0%higher.In general,compared with the RM-F treatment,the RC treatment reduced the warming potential by 13.6%;however,compared with the RM-D treatment,it increased the warming potential by 32.6%.Redundancy analysis showed that GHG emissions in the paddy ecosystems were mainly affected by the dissolved oxygen and pH of the surface water and the NO^(-)_(3)-N content and pH of the soil.Rice-crab symbiosis with continuous flooding can reduce GHG emissions(including N_(2)O and CH_(4))in comparison to rice monoculture with continuous flooding,but it increases GHG emissions in comparison with rice monoculture with alternation of wetting and drying.

关 键 词：稻蟹共生 N_(2)O CH_(4) 增温潜势 稻田 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S966.16