覆砂和灌水量对退耕压砂地生态枣林土壤水热及枣果产量的影响  

Effects of gravel-sand mulching and irrigation on soil hydrothermal conditions and fruit yield in ecological jujube forests on degraded field

作　　者：刘巧玲 李王成[1,2,3] 赵广兴 贾振江 安文举 王洁 穆敏 LIU Qiaoling;LI Wangcheng;ZHAO Guangxing;JIA Zhenjiang;AN Wenju;WANG Jie;MU Min(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021 [3]省部共建西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2022年第5期940-947,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52169010,51869023);宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2021AAC02008);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);宁夏重点研发计划项目(引才专项)(2019BEB04029);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BEH03010);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(CXXM202240)。

摘　　要：为探明覆砂和灌水量对退耕压砂地生态枣林土壤水热及产量的影响,在宁夏中部干旱带开展大田试验,通过设置2种覆盖方式[覆砂(M)、裸土(N)]和3个灌水量[低水180 mm(W1)、中水210 mm(W2)、高水240 mm(W3)],研究覆砂和灌水量对土壤温度、土壤贮水量以及枣果产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与裸土相比,覆砂使0~10 cm土壤温度提高0.8~3.1℃。覆砂后土壤升温时段(10:00—14:00)明显滞后于裸土(8:00—14:00),升温速度比裸土处理快0.4℃·h^(-1)。覆盖方式及灌水量对枣树全生育期0~80 cm土壤贮水量影响显著(P<0.05),覆砂处理较裸土处理平均提高10.97%,且在土壤含水率较低的萌芽展叶期增幅最高,达14.54%。覆砂条件下枣树生长指标、产量和水分利用效率均高于裸土,不同灌水量下枣果产量从高到低表现为W3>W2>W1,分别较裸土处理增加5.99%、10.54%、26.79%,其中MW2处理水分利用效率最高,为1.55 kg·m^(-3)。综上,MW2处理(覆砂、灌水量210 mm)可作为宁夏中部干旱带退耕压砂地生态枣林适宜的种植模式。In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of amount of irrigation water under gravel-sand mulch conditions on hydrothermal parameters of soil and fruit yield of date palm forests in fallow gravel-sand mulched field.The field experiment was conducted in an arid zone in central Ningxia.To investigate the effects of gravel-sand mulch and irrigation on soil temperature,soil water storage,jujube fruit yield,and water use efficiency,we used two types of mulch(gravel-sand mulching(M)and bare soil(N))and three different amounts of irrigation water(low water:180 mm(W1),medium water:210 mm(W2),and high water:240 mm(W3)).The results showed that gravel-sand mulching increased the soil temperature at a depth of 0~10 cm by 0.8~3.1℃compared with that of bare soil.The soil warming period(10:00-14:00)after gravel-sand mulching was significantly shorter than that of bare soil(8:00-14:00),and the warming rate was 0.4℃·h^(-1) faster than that of the bare soil treatment.The method of mulching and the amount of irrigation water had a significant effect(P<0.05)on the amount of soil water stored at a depth of 0~80 cm during the entire fertility period of the jujube trees,and the gravel-sand mulching treatment increased by 10.97%on average with the amount of soil water stored compared with that of the bare soil treatment.The highest increase was 14.54%at the leaf bud stage,when the soil water content was low.The growth index,yield,and water use efficiency of jujube trees under gravel-sand mulch conditions were higher than those under bare soil,and the yield from high to low was W3>W2>W1,which increased by 5.99%,10.54%,and 26.79%,respectively,compared with that of the bare soil treatment,with the highest water use efficiency of MW2 being 1.55 kg·m^(-3).In condusion,the MW2 treatment is a suitable planting pattern for date palm forests on fallow and gravel-sand mulched field in the central arid zone of Ningxia.

关 键 词：覆砂 灌水量 土壤水热 枣树生长 产量 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]