不同改良剂对黄土高原丘陵区山地果园土壤质量的影响  

Effect evaluation of soil amendments on soil quantity of mountain apple orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau,China

作　　者：赵西宁[1,3] 刘帅 高晓东[1,3] 丁艳宏 李钊 杨阳 杨明飞 ZHAO Xining;LIU Shuai;GAO Xiaodong;DING Yanhong;LI Zhao;YANG Yang;YANG Mingfei(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Science&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第17期7080-7091,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);国家自然科学基金项目(42125705);唐仲英基金会项目;陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020ZDLNY07-04)。

摘　　要：土壤质量是影响黄土高原丘陵区山地果园健康可持续发展的关键因素之一。针对黄土高原目前存在的土壤保水能力差,肥力低及微生物群落结构单一等问题,选取保水剂、生物炭和植物根际促生菌三种改良剂,研究其对土壤质量的影响。研究设置5个处理,分别为:生物炭处理(BC),施用量为5%;枯草芽孢杆菌处理(PGBS),施用量为0.25%;胶质芽孢杆菌处理(PGBM),施用量为0.25%;腐殖酸型保水剂处理(SAP),施用量为0.1%,不施用土壤改良剂作为对照(CK)。通过主成分分析法和最小数据集法筛选出相关指标,分别与对照处理(CK)进行对比,并进行综合评价。结果表明:土壤全氮、速效磷、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、真菌Chao1指数、纤维素酶和细菌Chao1指数对土壤质量的影响较大;同时土壤改良剂的施用可以明显提高果园土壤质量。通过综合评价,发现不同改良剂改善土壤质量效果为:生物炭(BC)>保水剂(SAP)>枯草芽孢杆菌(PGBS)>胶质芽孢杆菌(PGBM)。综合考虑土壤质量和改良成本,保水剂在黄土高原山地果园土壤改良方面的适用性最好,若农林废弃物可资源化则生物炭在黄土高原土壤改良方面具有很大的应用潜力。Soil quality is the main bottleneck restricting the healthy and sustainable development of mountain orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau.In order to solve the problems of poor soil water holding capacity,low fertility and single microbial community structure in the Loess Plateau,three amendments were selected and five treatments were set up in this study:biochar application rate was at 5%of soil weight(BC),bacillus subtilis application rate was at 0.25%of soil weight(PGBS),bacillus glia application rate was at 0.25%of soil weight(PGBM),humic acid water retaining agent application rate was at 0.1%of soil weight(SAP),and not application any amendment as a control(CK).The relevant indexes were selected by principal component analysis(PCA)and minimum data set(MDS)to comprehensively evaluate soil quality.The results showed that soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,β-1,4-glucosidase,fungal Chao1 index,cellulase and bacterial Chao1 index had a significant effect on soil quality,and application of soil amendments could significantly improve the soil quality in apple orchards.The improvement effects of different amendments on soil quality as follows:BC>SAP>PGBS>PGBM through a comprehensive evaluation.Considering soil quality and cost,water retaining agent is more suitable for soil quality improvement in mountain apple orchards in the hilly region of Loess Plateau.Biochar has great application potential in soil amendment,if agricultural and forestry wastes can be recycled.

关 键 词：山地苹果园 生物炭 植物根际促生菌 保水剂 土壤质量评价 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]