长白山不同演替阶段针阔混交林群落物种多样性及其影响因子  

Species diversity and influencing factors of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest communities in different successional stages of Changbai Mountain

作　　者：李其斌 张春雨[1] 赵秀海[1] LI Qibin;ZHANG Chunyu;ZHAO Xiuhai(Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第17期7147-7155,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971650)。

摘　　要：基于长白山3个5.2hm^(2)针阔混交林永久监测样地的野外调查数据,以胸径(DBH)≥1cm的乔木树种为对象,运用R4.0.3软件计算物种多样性指数以及进行物种多样性相关性分析和多元回归分析,以探讨生物和非生物因素对不同演替阶段针阔混交林物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)3个典型针阔混交林的4个物种多样性指数均随演替的正向进行而下降,其中物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数在3个演替阶段存在显著性差异,而Pielou均匀度指数在次生杨桦林与次生针阔混交林阶段差异不显著。(2)胸径结构变量是影响物种多样性变化的主要驱动因子,随着演替的进行,林分密度对物种多样性产生的影响越来越大。(3)所有土壤因子在针阔混交林阶段对物种多样性指数均表现出显著的影响,而在次生杨桦林只有土壤全氮与物种多样性指数存在显著相关关系,土壤全磷在原始椴树红松林阶段是影响物种多样性的主要因素。综上,研究认为在各演替阶段,生物和非生物因素均影响着森林群落的物种多样性,胸径结构和林分密度是影响群落物种多样性的主要因素,林分中的土壤因子受到不同群落特征的影响产生不同变化,从而对群落的物种多样性产生影响也有所不同。Based on field survey data of three 52 hm^(2) permanent monitoring plots of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain,the tree species with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm were used as the research object.R4.0.3 software was used to calculate the species diversity index and perform species diversity correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to explore the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on the species diversity of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at different succession stages.The results showed that:(1)the four species diversity indexes of the three typical coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests decreased with the positive succession,among which the species richness,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index showed significant differences in the three succession stages,while the Pielou evenness index showed no significant difference in the secondary poplar-birch forest and the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.(2)The DBH structure variable was the main driving factor affecting the change of species diversity.With the succession,the impact of forest stand density on species diversity was increasing.(3)All soil factors showed significant indigenous effects on the species diversity index in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest stage,while only soil total nitrogen had significant indigenous correlation with the species diversity index in the secondary poplar-birch forest.Soil total phosphorus was the main factor affecting species diversity at the stage of the mixed Tilia and Korean pine forest.In summary,the study concluded that in each succession stage,biotic and abiotic factors affected the species diversity of the forest communities.DBH structure and stand density are the main factors affecting the species diversity of the community,and the soil factors in the forest stand are affected by different community characteristics and produce different changes,which have different impacts on the species diversity of the community.

关 键 词：森林演替 针阔混交林 物种多样性 影响因子 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]