大气O_(3)浓度升高和模拟N沉降对黄豆光合、生物量和非结构性碳水化合物积累及分配的影响  

Effects of elevated O_(3) concentration and nitrogen deposition on photosynthesis,accumulation and allocation of biomass and nonstructural carbohydrates in soybean

作　　者：李丽[1,2,3] 吴若青 李金玲[1,2,4] 王效科 刘晓 王超[1,2,4] LI Li;WU Ruoqing;LI Jinling;WANG Xiaoke;LIU Xiao;WANG Chao(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Bamboo Research Institute,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学竹类研究所,南京210037 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [4]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第17期7198-7209,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学面上基金项目(31971509,32171586);国家自然科学青年基金项目(31700439);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLURE 2021-2-3)。

摘　　要：为探究全球气候变化带来的大气臭氧(O)浓度升高和氮(N沉降)对黄豆气体交换、生物量和非结构性碳水化合物(NSCs)积累及分配的影响,利用开顶式气室(OTC)设置了2个O_(3)浓度(AA,正常大气;AAO60,正常大气+60μg/m^(3)O_(3)和2个施N梯度(对照;施N)并开展了相关实验。研究结果表明:(1)N沉降处理后叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著提高了96.21%和83.77%,但是对黄豆各部位生物量的促进作用没有达到显著水平。N沉降处理后根系溶性糖和非结构性磷水化合物(NSCs)的比例显著下降了42.17%和38.95%,而叶片淀粉分配比增加了41.55%,豆粒和茎的可溶性糖含量分别提高了59.41%和95.29%。(2)O_(3)浓度升高处理后叶片Gs增加了94.89%,Pn降低了2.34%。叶片、茎、根和豆粒的生物量在O_(3)处理后分别显著降低了38.14%、56.25%、66.67%和25.49%。豆粒的可溶性糖和淀粉含量和总NSCs分别显著下降了21.94%和49.65%和30.55%。O_(3)浓度升高后根系中淀粉总量的比例的增加了56.21%。(3)O_(3)和N沉降处理二者共同处理在叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、豆粒、茎、根系NSCs组分均具有显著交互作用,主要表现为拮抗作用。综上,中度N沉降提高了叶片光合作用,增加了对地上部分NSCs的分配而降低了对地下根系的分配;O_(3)浓度升高抑制了黄豆生长和NSCs积累,但是相对增加了根系中淀粉总量的比例;N沉降一定程度上能够缓解O_(3)对光合和NSCs造成的损害,但未见对生物量下降存在类似效应。Rising concentrations of near surface ozone(O_(3))has become a major pollutant in many areas of China.As a strong oxidizer,O_(3) has been proved to have many negative effects on photosynthetic physiology and carbohydrate accumulation of plants.Meanwhile,the increase of nitrogen deposition(N)is also an environment factor with negative effects on plant growth.N deposition means the process by which N compounds in the atmosphere enter an ecosystem through abiotic ways.China has become one of the countries with the most serious N deposition in the world.Nonstructural carbohydrates(NSCs),composed of soluble sugar and starch,are known as important energy substance in plants and play an indispensable role in energy transport,respiration substrate and osmotic regulation.The difference in the amount of NSCs in different organs can reveal the distribution of photosynthates.The contents and proportions of NSCs can also directly reflect the nutrient supply situation under different situations.Furthermore,the dynamic change of NSCs is also able to reflect the response of plants to the temporal and spatial variation of the environment.Soybean(Glycine Max(Linn.)Merr.)is an important food crop over the world.Many studies have been carried out on the effects of individual N deposition or O_(3) concentration increase on soybean yield but there are few studies focusing on their combined effects on soybean biomass,especially the accumulation and allocation of NSCs.It is still not clear whether there is an interaction between the O_(3) and N deposition.In this paper,elevated O_(3) concentration and N deposition were selected as the main research object.To explore the effects of elevated O_(3) concentration and N deposition on gas exchange,biomass as well as nonstructural carbohydrate(NSCs)accumulation and allocation in soybean,this study uses Open top chamber(OTC),setting two O_(3) concentrations of O_(3)(AA,normal atmosphere;AAO60.Normal atmosphere+60μg/m^(3) O_(3))and two N application gradients(control;N addition)to carry out rel

关 键 词：大气O_(3) N沉降 黄豆 生物量 气体交换 非结构性碳水化合物 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]