中华倒刺鲃和胭脂鱼游泳行为、应激和免疫能力对短期禁食的响应  

The swimming behavior,stress and immune responses of juvenile qingbo and Chinese sucker subjected to short-term fasting

作　　者：周龙艳 李秀明 付世建 ZHOU Longyan;LI Xiuming;FU Shijian(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology,Chongqing Normal University,Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室,重庆市动物生物学重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第17期7288-7295,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670481)。

摘　　要：近年来,长江流域鱼类资源急剧下降,而有关鱼类对环境变化的行为和生理响应对于评估环境变化对种群动态的影响具有重要意义,相关研究亟待开展。选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)幼鱼为实验对象,考察两种鱼类在1—2周禁食后的自发群体运动时间比、游泳速度、个体间距离、最大匀加速速度、溶菌酶含量、鱼体免疫球蛋白(IgM)水平、血清皮质醇水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性的响应。研究发现:(1)相比之下,胭脂鱼的自发游泳行为表现不太活跃,游泳能力和IgM水平更低,超氧化物歧化酶SOD水平更高;(2)胭脂鱼在正常摄食条件下比中华倒刺鲃生长更慢,但是在1—2周短期禁食条件下其体重下降更少;(3)1—2周的短期禁食结束后,两种实验鱼的SOD活性和游泳能力变化不明显,但是其IgM水平和皮质醇都提高,胭脂鱼表现不及中华倒刺鲃;(4)胭脂鱼的溶菌酶含量在1—2周短期禁食后明显提高,但是中华倒刺鲃的溶菌酶含量没有受到1—2周短期禁食的显著影响。研究表明:(1)相比于中华倒刺鲃,胭脂鱼不太活跃,免疫和运动能力也更低,当食物充足时生长优势不明显,但在食物短缺时,营养物质和能量损失更少;(2)两种实验鱼的生理机能(比如游泳行为和免疫功能)对短期禁食有不同的响应,胭脂鱼更加不敏感(溶菌酶除外)。总体而言,研究表明同样的食物资源波动可能导致同一水域不同鱼类不同的生态后果,更多鱼类的相关研究亟待开展。Whether fish species can adjust their physiological and behavioral traits well to the change of the environmental condition of their habitats are key for the fate of the local population.The food resource changed profoundly and became unpredictable nowadays in the Yangtze River water system due to the dramatical change of the habitat.The aim of this study is to investigate the behavioral and physiological responses of Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)and qingbo(Spinibarbus sinensis)subjected to short-term fasting.To fulfill our goals,we measured the maximum acceleration swimming speed(U),spontaneous shoal behavior(percent time spent moving,median swimming speed and inter-individual distance),innate immune indicator(serum lysosome activity),specific immune indicator(serum plasma IgM level),and antioxidant defense ability(serum SOD level),as well as the change of body size of either fasted or fed(as control)juveniles of Chinese sucker and qingbo for 1 or 2 week.The main results are as follows:(1)Compared to Chinese sucker,qingbo exhibited stronger swimming ability,more spontaneous activity,and higher level of plasma IgM;(2)Compared to Chinese sucker,qingbo exhibited more remarkable increase of plasma IgM and cortisol levels after fasting treatment,thus exhibited more loss in body weight after food deprivation but more gain in body weight when fed normally;(2)the SOD level of qingbo was significantly lower than that of Chinese sucker;and(3)The lysosome activity showed no change in fasted qingbo while it increased in fasted Chinese sucker compared to normally fed conspecies.Therefore,the results of the present study suggested that:(1)Compared to Chinese sucker,qingbo possesses superior performance of physiological function as a consequence of the fast-lifestyle evolved in the fast-flow habitat,which is beneficial to the adaptation to change of food availability;(2)The population dynamics of qingbo and Chinese sucker might be different facing the possible fluctuation in food resources as their functions of antiox

关 键 词：食物资源 行为 应激 内环境稳态 非特异免疫 特异免疫 生理响应 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]