基于生命周期评价的城市生活垃圾焚烧过程环境影响研究  

Research on environmental impact of municipal domestic waste incineration process based on life cycle assessment

作　　者：李娟 郑海涛 李金香 叶美瀛 杨妍妍 刘保献 鹿海峰 邹本东 LI Juan;ZHENG Haitao;LI Jinxiang;YE Meiying;YANG Yanyan;LIU Baoxian;LU Haifeng;ZOU Bendong(Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100048;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境监测中心,北京100048 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第9期1209-1215,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFC0209903)。

摘　　要：焚烧已逐渐成为处置生活垃圾的主流方法。选取北方城市某典型生活垃圾焚烧厂为研究对象,采用生命周期评价(LCA),计算生活垃圾焚烧过程存在的环境影响潜值,分析主要贡献组分,为降低垃圾焚烧厂环境影响提供数据支撑。结果表明,城市生活垃圾在焚烧、发电、烟气净化阶段加权后的环境影响潜值分别为3.49×10^(-12)、-3.79×10^(-12)、5.56×10^(-13),环境影响总负荷为2.56×10^(-13)。焚烧阶段的主要环境影响贡献类型为酸雨,主要贡献组分为塑料类垃圾(贡献率为50%~95%);发电阶段主要环境影响抵消类型为酸雨;烟气净化阶段的主要环境影响贡献类型为富营养化。生活垃圾焚烧过程产生了一定的环境影响,但可通过加强塑料类垃圾的源头控制和有效利用、提高企业污染物净化效率以及加强氮氧化物排放标准等手段降低生活垃圾焚烧对环境的影响。Incineration has gradually become the mainstream method of disposal of domestic waste.A typical domestic waste incineration plant in a northern city was selected as the research object.Life cycle assessment(LCA)was used to calculate the potential environmental impact potential value of the domestic waste incineration process,analyze the main contributing components,and provide data support for reducing the environmental impact of the waste incineration plant.The results showed that the weighted total environmental impact potential value after normalization at the incineration,power generation,and flue gas purification stages of domestic waste were 3.49×10^(-12),-3.79×10^(-12)and 5.56×10^(-13),respectively,and the total environmental impact was 2.56×10^(-13).The main environmental contribution type at the incineration stage was acid rain and the main contributing component was plastics(contribution rate was 50%-95%).The main environmental offset type at the power generation stage was acid rain.The main environmental contribution type at the flue gas purification stage was eutrophication.The domestic waste incineration process had a certain environmental impact,but the impact of domestic waste incineration on the environment could be reduced by strengthening the source control and effective utilization of plastic waste,improving the efficiency of corporate pollutant purification,and strengthening nitrogen oxide emission standards.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 焚烧 生命周期评价 环境影响潜力 阶段 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.3