进境船舶压载水排放管理现状、问题及建议  

Current status,problems and suggestions on the management of ballast water discharge of inbound ships

作　　者：齐童 李雪 卢延娜[1] 乔肖翠 丁帅[1] 刘琰[1] 王海燕[1] QI Tong;LI Xue;LU Yanna;QIAO Xiaocui;DING Shuai;LIU Yan;WANG Haiyan(Environmental Standard Institute,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境标准研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第9期1266-1270,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1806300)。

摘　　要：进境船舶压载水排放被普遍认为是非本土生物入侵的方式之一,并且会携带细菌和病毒等从而传播疾病,对海洋环境与人类健康带来很大威胁。随着经济全球化、一体化的不断推进,国际航运事业也不断发展壮大,中国港口船舶进出数量持续增加,给港口压载水的接收处理工作带来了很大的压力。主要介绍了进境船舶压载水的生态环境风险,对比了目前的压载水处理技术,分析了压载水的环境管理现状及存在的问题,并提出相关的对策建议,以期为今后加强进境船舶压载水污染防治、生态风险防控提供参考。Ballast water discharge from inbound ships is generally considered to be one of the ways of non-native biological invasion,and will bring bacteria and viruses and other spread diseases,posing a great threat to the marine environment and human health.With the continuous advancement of economic globalization and integration,the international shipping industry has also continued to develop and grow.The number of ships entering and leaving Chinese ports has continued to increase,which has brought great pressure to the reception and treatment of port ballast water.This paper mainly introduced the ecological and environmental risks of ballast water from inbound ships,compared the current ballast water treatment technology,analyzed the situation and existing problems of ballast water environmental management,and provided relevant countermeasures and suggestions,which would provide reference for ballast water pollution prevention and ecological risk control of inbound ships in the future.

关 键 词：进境船舶 压载水 生物入侵 管理要求 污染防治 风险防控 

分 类 号：U698.7[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] X736.3[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]