多波束分集深海远程正交频分复用水声通信  

A multi-beam space diversity method for long-range underwater acoustic OFDM communication in deep water

作　　者：马璐 李梦瑶[1,2,3] 刘凇佐 马志腾 吴何[1,2,3] MA Lu;LI Mengyao;LIU Songzuo;MA Zhiteng;WU He(Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001;Beijing Great Wall Electronic Equipment Co.Ltd,Beijing 100082)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]工业和信息化部海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [4]北京长城电子装备有限责任公司,北京100082

出　　处：《声学学报》2022年第5期579-590,共12页Acta Acustica

基　　金：国防基础科研计划项目(JCKY2019604B001)资助。

摘　　要：针对深海远程信道传播衰减大、多途扩展严重的问题,提出一种单输入多输出(SIMO)模型下的水声正交频分复用(OFDM)多波束空间分集均衡方法。建立了深海远程信道下SIMO-OFDM接收信号模型,对宽带波束形成处理后的多个到达角度的波束输出进行独立的多普勒补偿和稀疏信道估计,最后基于最大比合并实现多波束均衡。相对于远程通信中常用的单波束处理方法,所提方法可获得额外的不同到达角度的多径分集增益;且基于阵列波束形成处理可明显提升各个波束输出信噪比,避免了单阵元信噪比过低导致的信道估计误差增大的问题。所提方法的计算复杂度大于单波束均衡,但低于多阵元最大比合并均衡。基于BELLHOP的数值仿真和中国南海实验结果表明,所提方法的误码率性能明显优于单波束均衡和最大比合并均衡,且在100 km的距离上实现了通信速率199 bps的无误码通信。Aiming at the problems of large transmission loss,and severemultipath delay spread in long-range deep water acoustic channel,a multi-beam space diversity method for UnderWater Acoustic(UWA) Single Input Multiple Output(SIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) communications is proposed.The model of received SIMO-OFDM signal in long-range deep water acoustic channel is established,and independent Doppler compensation and sparse channel estimation are performed for the multi-beam outputs according to different arrival angles based on wideband beamforming.Finally,multi-beam equalization is realized based on Maximum Ratio Combining(MRC).Compared with the single-beam processing method commonly used in long-range UWA communications,the proposed method can obtain additional multipath diversity gain by combining multi-beam outputs with different arrival angles.And the used array beamforming can significantly improve the SNR of each beam output,avoiding the increased error for channel estimation caused by combining the low SNR signal received from a single element.The complexity of the proposed method is larger than that of single-beam method but lower than that of MRC with multiple elements.Simulation results based on the BELLHOP and experimental results in the South China Sea show that the BER performance of the proposed method is significantly better than that of single-beam equalization and MRC equalization.The proposed receiver has achieved error-free decoding results with the communication distance of 100 km and the data rate of 199 bps.

关 键 词：最大比合并 到达角度 空间分集 稀疏信道估计 水声通信 均衡方法 多波束 通信速率 

分 类 号：TN929.3[电子电信—通信与信息系统]