从三维视角看拉美国家低度民主化问题及其发展  

The Inferior Democratization of Latin American Countries from a Three-dimensional Perspective

作　　者：范和生[1] 王燕[2] Fan Hesheng;Wang Yan

机构地区：[1]安徽大学拉丁美洲研究所 [2]安徽大学创新发展战略研究院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2022年第2期81-98,156,157,共20页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“全球化视域下中国消费结构升级的社会学研究”(编号:19BSH140);安徽大学拉丁美洲研究所2021年度研究课题“中拉命运共同体构建中的美国因素研究”(编号:LMS202109)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在20世纪后期第三波民主化浪潮带动下,拉美国家基本建立了民主政治体制,完成了从威权政治到民主政治的转型。但是,拉美国家民主发展不完善,政治发展水平至今仍停留在低度民主化阶段——从三维视角看具有低质民主化、低能民主化、低效民主化特征。未来一段时间内,在新兴政党崛起、社会局面动荡、地区分裂加剧、经济复苏困难、疫情防控艰巨等影响因素的作用下,拉美国家民主化的进一步发展仍将受到严峻挑战,民主发展的利益格局将会更加复杂化,内部环境将会更加不稳定,地区形势将会更加紧张,物质保障将会更加薄弱,社会局势将会更加多变。中国与拉美同属发展中国家,研究拉美国家的低度民主化问题对中国特色社会主义民主政治的发展具有重要的启示作用:一是警惕低质民主弊端,坚持以人民为中心的发展思想;二是警惕低能民主弊端,不断推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化;三是警惕低效民主弊端,坚持走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路。Driven by the third wave of democratization in the late 20th century,Latin American countries basically established democratic political systems and realized the transition from authoritarian politics to democratic politics.However,their democracy is not fully developed.Political development level of Latin American countries still remains at an infantile stage,which is characterized by low quality,incapacity and inefficiency.For some time to come,the further development of democratization of Latin American countries will face severe challenges under the influences of factors like the rise of emerging political parties,social unrest,deepening regional division,slow economic recovery,and difficult epidemic control.Interest pattern of democratic development will be more complicated,the internal environment more unstable,the regional situation more tense,the material security even weaker,and the social situation increasingly volatile.Both China and Latin American countries are developing countries.The study of inferior democratization of Latin American countries has important implications for the development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.First,we must guard against the malpractice of low-quality democracy and adhere to the people-centered development thought.Second,we must guard against incapable democracy and advance the modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance.Third,we must guard against inefficient democracy and stick to the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：低度民主化 拉美政治 低质民主 低能民主 低效民主 

分 类 号：D773[政治法律—政治学]