高畦滴灌育苗法对甘薯萌芽性的影响及其技术要点  

Effect of the high-bed and drip irrigation on culture of seedling of sweetpotato and its technique points

作　　者：解备涛[1] 李爱贤[1] 朱佩群 李广华 王庆美[1] 秦桢[1] 侯夫云[1] 董顺旭[1] Xie Beitao;Li Aixian;Zhu Peiqun;Li Guanghua;Wang Qingmei;Qin Zhen;Hou Fuyun;Dong Shunxu(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Ministry of Agriculture of Huanghuaihai PotatoScientific Observation Experiment Stations,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;Feixian Agriculture&Rural Affairs Bureau,Feixian 273400,Shandong,China;Sishui Lifeng Food Co,LTD,Sishui 273200,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部黄淮海薯类科学观测实验站(济南),山东济南250100 [2]费县农业农村局,山东费县273400 [3]泗水利丰食品有限公司,山东泗水273200

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期27-29,共3页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：泰山产业领军人才工程专项(LJNY202113);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-10-B06);山东省薯类产业技术体系资助项目(SDAIT-16-04);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2022A14)。

摘　　要：传统的下挖苗床的育苗方法存在用工多、成本高、烂薯率高和出苗时间长等缺陷,对此,山东省农业科学院作物研究所创造性地提出了高畦滴灌法培育甘薯壮苗的方法,试验探讨高畦滴灌育苗法对甘薯出苗的影响,结果表明,高畦滴灌育苗法有如下优势:0~10 cm土壤容重显著降低,土壤孔隙度显著增加,温度显著升高;新方法与常规下挖苗床法相比,操作简单,生产成本低,平均节省人工8.7个/667 m^(2)以上;与挖苗床喷灌方式及大水漫灌方式相比,每500 g种薯平均出苗量分别增加28.3%、43.2%,平均出苗期分别缩短约6 d和9 d.高畦滴灌育苗法中滴灌带置于土下5 cm处,种薯感病率显著低于滴灌带置于地表,且便于采苗.The traditional method of digging down seedbed has many disadvantages, such as more labor, high cost, higher probability of rotten sweetpotato and long emergence time. Therefore, the new method of sweetpotato seedling raising with high-bed and drip irrigation was creatively proposed by the Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The effect of high-bed and drip irrigation method on the emergence of sweetpotato was also studied.The results showed that the high-bed and drip irrigation method had the following advantages. Soil bulk density decreased significantly, soil porosity and soil temperature increased significantly at 0-10 cm layer. Compared with the conventional method of digging down the seedbed, the new method had simple operation, low production cost, and less labor, which the average saving of labor was more than 8.7 work day per 667 m^(2). Compared with the sprinkler irrigation and flood irrigation methods, the average seedling emergence amount per 500 g of sweetpotato seed increased by 28.3% and 43.2% respectively, and the average seedling emergence period shortened by about 6 d and 9 d, respectively. At the same time, when the dropper was placed 5 cm under the soil, the seed sweetpotato infection rate of high-bed and drip irrigation was significantly lower than that of drip irrigation on the surface and sweetpotato seedlings were easy to collect. Therefore, to adopt the high-bed and drip irrigation seedling raising method with the dropper placed 5 cm under the soil was proposed. This study provides a scientific basis and experience for the popularization and application of high-bed and drip irrigation seedling raising method.

关 键 词：甘薯 高畦滴灌法 育苗 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]