高强度有氧间歇运动对超重或肥胖老年人体成分、血脂及血糖的影响  

Effects of High Intensity Aerobic Interval Training on Body Composition,Blood Lipid and Glucose of Overweight or Obese elderly Adults

作　　者：兰霄宇 房国梁[1] 韩天雨 邹煦[2] 张晗[2] 李茜 汪涵 沈钰琳 张漓[1] LanXiaoyu;Fang Guoliang;Han Tianyu;Zou Xu;Zhang Han;Li Xi;Wang Han;Shen Yulin;Zhang Li(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Aerospace General Hospital,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京航天总医院,北京100076

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2022年第7期510-517,共8页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC2000600);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费项目(18-30);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费项目(15-22)。

摘　　要：目的:探究高强度有氧间歇运动对超重或肥胖老年人体成分及血脂、血糖相关指标的影响以及与中等强度有氧运动的异同点,为老年人科学选择健身方式提供理论依据。方法:招募了29名满足条件的超重或肥胖老年人,年龄65.10±3.89岁,体质指数(BMI)27.56±1.92 kg/m2,随机分为对照组(CON组,n=9)、高强度有氧间歇运动组(HIAIT组,n=10)和中等强度持续运动组(MICT组,n=10)。CON组受试者保持正常生活、不参与运动干预;HIAIT组和MICT组受试者通过最大摄氧量测试确定对应的负荷强度,HIAIT组以90%VO运动3 min、60%VO间歇3 min、重复4组,MICT组以70%VO运动30 min,两运动组均采用四肢联动训练仪进行为期12周、3次/周、共计90 min的运动干预。在干预前、后,测试所有受试者的身体成分、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、瘦素(LEP)和胰岛素(FINS)水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:与干预前相比,12周干预后HIAIT组受试者的上身脂肪量显著降低(P<0.05);HIAIT组和MICT组受试者血液中的TG浓度(P<0.05)、LEP浓度(P<0.01)和HDL-C浓度(P<0.01)均显著降低;HIAIT组受试者血液中的FFA浓度显著降低(P<0.05),MICT组受试者血液中LDL-C浓度显著降低(P<0.01);HIAIT组受试者的FPG(P<0.01)、FINS(P<0.05)和HOMAIR(P<0.05)均显著降低,MICT组受试者的Hb Alc、HOMA-IR均显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,HIAIT组和MICT组受试者血液中的TG浓度(P<0.05)和HDL-C浓度(P<0.01)均显著降低。结论:在不限制饮食的前提下,高强度有氧间歇运动对超重或肥胖老年人的体重及体脂率无显著影响,但可有效降低上身脂肪量,改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血液中瘦素、游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯及血糖水平,尤其是降低甘油三酯的效果更为明显。高强度有氧间歇运动在改善老年人身体�Objective To explore the effect of high-intensity aerobic interval training(HIAIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)on the body composition,blood lipid and glucose of overweight or obese elderly adults,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the elderly to choose scientific exercise. Methods Twenty-nine overweight or obese elderly adults(age: 65.10 ± 3.89 years,BMI: 27.56± 1.92 kg/m2) were recruited and randomly assigned to a CON group(n=9),an HIAIT group(n=10)and an MICT group(n=10). The CON group had no training intervention,while the HIAIT group underwent 4 sets of exercise at 90% VOand 60% VOfor 3 min respectively, and the MICT group exercised for 30 min at 70% VOon the limb linkage training apparatus three times per week(totally 90 minutes per week) for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention,the body composition,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),free fatty acids(FFA),fasting blood glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),leptin(LEP) and insulin(FINS) were measured for all groups,and the insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) was also calculated. Results After a 12-week intervention,the average upper body fat mass(P<0.05),FFA(P<0.05),FPG(P<0.01),FINS(P<0.05) and HOMA-IR(P<0.05) of the HIAIT group,and the average LDL-C(P<0.01),Hb Alc(P<0.05) and HOMA-IR(P<0.05) of the MICT group,as well as the average TG(P<0.05),LEP(P<0.01) and HDL-C(P<0.01) of both HIAIT and MICT groups decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the average TG(P<0.05) and HDL-C(P<0.01) of both HIAIT and MICT groups decreased significantly after the intervention. Conclusions Without controlling energy intake, HIAIT can significantly reduce upper body fat mass, insulin resistance, and the serum concentrations of LEP, TG, FFA, FPG of overweight or obese elderly adults, especially their serum concentration of TG, but has no obvious effect on the weight and body fat rate. In addition,HIAIT is similar to MICT in better

关 键 词：高强度有氧间歇运动 中等强度持续运动 超重或肥胖 老年人 血脂 血糖 

分 类 号：R589.2[医药卫生—内分泌]