不同留茬高度对退化草地浅耕翻改良群落多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Stubble Heights on Community Diversity of Degraded Grassland after Shallow Ploughing

作　　者：高雪玲 赵一安 孙海鹏 宝音陶格涛 GAO Xue-ling;ZHAO Yi-an;SUN Hai-peng;Baoyin Taogetao(School of Ecology and Environment,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China;Hohhot Education and Teaching Research Center,Hohhot 010030,China;Zhangjiakou Rural Cooperative Economy Management Station,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Xilingol Sub-station of Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Station,Xilinhot 026000,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security,Ministry of Education of China,Hohhot 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010030 [3]张家口市农村合作经济经营管理站,河北张家口075000 [4]内蒙古自治区环境监测总站锡林郭勒分站,内蒙古锡林浩特026000 [5]省部共建草原生态安全教育部协同创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第9期31-38,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：2019退化草原人工种草生态修复试点项目。

摘　　要：中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站内的退化样地经过22 a的浅耕翻恢复,于2005年布置了两种刈割方式试验:一年刈割一次留茬高度6 cm和一年刈割一次留茬高度10 cm,研究再利用方式对其群落组成及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数的年动态变化过程和机制。结果表明:(1)留茬高度6 cm的刈割处理对木地肤和黄蒿的影响较大。两种刈割方式对猪毛菜和米氏冰草都有较大的影响,对羊草、大针茅、黄囊苔草影响很小。随着年份的增加,群落结构逐渐由羊草+黄囊苔草+小丛生禾草演变成黄囊苔草+木地肤+杂类草。(2)留茬高度6 cm的刈割处理下,与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著、极显著正相关的物种为黄蒿、木地肤,显著负相关的物种为羊草;与Pielou均匀度指数显著正相关的物种为木地肤,显著负相关的物种为羊草、黄囊苔草。留茬高度10 cm的刈割处理下,与两种指数显著负相关的物种为羊草。(3)2005~2015年群落物种间竞争较激烈,处于不稳定时期;2016~2020年群落结构比较稳定,两种刈割方式相比,留茬高度6 cm的刈割处理下群落多样性和均匀度更优。对草原适度刈割干扰有利于草原的可持续发展,长期刈割会让整个植物群落逐渐向旱生方向发展,植物生境恶化。After 22 years of shallow tillage and restoration,two mowing experiments were carried out on degraded plots in the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005,including stubble heights of 6 cm and 10 cm(mowing once a year),respectively.This study explored the effects of reuse mode on species composition and annual dynamic changes in Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the Pielou evenness index,and related mechanisms.The results showed that:(1)Mowing once a year to stubble height of 6 cm greatly impacted Kochia prostrata and Artemisia scoparia.The two mowing methods greatly affected Salsola collina and Agropyron michnoi,while having little effect on Leymus chinensis,Stipa grandis,and Carex korshinskyi.With the increase in time,the community structure gradually changed from L.chinensis+C.korshinskyi+small tufted grass to C.korshinskyi+K.prostrata+weeds.(2)Under treatment of stubble height of 6 cm(mowing once a year),the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly correlated with L.chinensis(negatively),A.scoparia(positively),and K.prostrata(extremely positively),while the Pielou evenness index was significantly correlated with L.chinensis(negatively),C.korshinskyi(negatively),and K.prostrata(positively).Under treatment of stubble height of 10 cm(mowing once a year),the above two indices were negatively correlated with L.chinensis.(3)The competition among community species was intense from 2005 to 2015,considered an unstable period.The change in community structure was relatively stable from 2016 to 2020.The diversity and evenness of stubble height of 6 cm(mowing once a year)were better than those in stubble height of 10 cm.Moderate mowing is beneficial to the sustainable development of the grassland.However,long-term mowing will gradually develop the whole plant community in a xerophytic direction,inducing the deterioration of the plant habitat.

关 键 词：退化草地 浅耕翻 改良 刈割留茬高度 植物群落 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]