“三源一体”壳核型阻燃剂的制备及其在聚乳酸中的应用  

Preparation of three-sources-in-one shell-core structural flame retardants and its application in poly(lactic acid)

作　　者：孟鑫[1] 王小龙 公维光[2] 金谊[3] MENG Xin;WANG Xiaolong;GONG Weiguang;JIN Yi(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering,School of Chemical Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Research&Development Center for Sports Materials,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Ningbo Institute of Engineering,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学化工学院产品工程系,上海市多相结构材料化学工程重点实验室,上海200237 [2]华东理工大学体育新材料研发中心,上海200237 [3]宁波工程学院材料与化学工程学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《中国塑料》2022年第9期96-104,共9页China Plastics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21576086);宁波市公益基金(2021S09)。

摘　　要：以聚磷酸铵(APP)为核,壳聚糖(CS)、氯化铁和埃洛石(HNT)为壳,以水为溶剂,通过自组装的方式制备了“三源一体”壳核型阻燃剂(APP@CS@HNT和APP@CS-Fe@HNT,分别简写为ACH和ACFH),并将其用于提升聚乳酸(PLA)的阻燃性能。通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪等对ACH和ACFH的组成及结构进行了分析,然后对PLA的阻燃性能进行表征。结果表明,PLA/15%ACFH(质量分数,下同)的阻燃性能优于纯PLA和PLA/15%ACH,PLA/15%ACFH的极限氧指数(LOI)最高,提升到29.5%,且UL 94达到V-0级;相较于纯PLA,PLA/15%ACFH的最大热释放速率(PHRR)和总热释放量(THR)分别下降了33.5%和22.0%,残炭量提高了12.5%;ACFH主要发挥凝聚相阻燃效果,燃烧过程能促进PLA基体形成大量连续、致密的炭层,起到抑制氧气和热量扩散的阻隔作用。Two types of three-sources-in-one shell-core structural flame retardants,ammonium polyphosphate(APP)@chitosan(CS)@halloysite(HNT)(ACH)and APP@CS-Fe@HNT(ACFH),were prepared through a self-assembly method using water as the solvent,APP as a core,and CS/ferric chloride/HNT composite as a shell.ACFH was employed to improve the flame retardancy of PLA.The composition and structure of ACFH were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetry(TG).The flame retardancy of PLA composites was characterized using limiting oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion(UL 94),cone calorimeter(CCT),and TG-FTIR.The results indicated that the flame retardancy of the PLA/15%ACFH composite was better than that of pure PLA and the PLA/15%ACH composite.The PLA/15%ACFH composite exhibited the highest LOI value of 29.5 vol%with a UL 94 classification of V-0.Compared to pure PLA,the PLA/15%ACFH composite presented a decrease in peak heat release rate and total heat release by 33.5%and 22.0%,respectively,and its residual char yield increased by 12.5 wt%.ACFH mainly generated a flame-retardant effect in the condensed phase,promoting the formation of a large number of continuous and dense carbon layers in the PLA matrix.The resulting carbon layers acted as a barrier to inhibit the diffusion of oxygen and heat.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 壳核型 阻燃剂 埃洛石 壳聚糖 

分 类 号：TQ321[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]