不同溶剂及提取方式对沉香精油成分的影响  

Effects of different solvent and extraction methods on components of agarwood essential oil

作　　者：戴伟杰 李一峰 陈志韶 郑仲沐 阚启鑫 曹庸[2] DAI Weijie;LI Yifeng;CHEN Zhishao;ZHENG Zhongmu;KAN Qixin;CAO Yong(Guangdong Huiertai Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510700,China;School of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Functional Food Actives,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Natural Actives,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东惠尔泰生物科技有限公司,广东广州510700 [2]华南农业大学食品学院广东省功能食品活性物重点实验室广东省天然活性物工程技术研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《药物评价研究》2022年第8期1597-1607,共11页Drug Evaluation Research

基　　金：中国博士后面上项目(2020M672651);广东省功能食品活性物重点实验室资助项目(2018B030322010)。

摘　　要：目的采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析沉香Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg精油成分,比较不同溶剂和不同提取方式对沉香精油成分的影响。方法精密称取3份沉香粉30 g,分别加入150 mL三级水、无水乙醇和石油醚,在50℃下磁力搅拌1.5 h,滤过,滤渣重复以上步骤1次,合并滤液,浓缩得精油;沉香粉分别经超临界提取、连续相变提取、水蒸气提取制备精油;称量精油质量,计算得率。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对挥发性化合物进行鉴定及检测相对含量;通过GC-MS对不同提取方式所得精油中脂肪酸组成进行检测。结果水、乙醇和石油醚提取精油共检测出191种物质,不同溶剂所得提取物组成差异较大;乙醇提取精油得率最高,为10.70%。超临界、连续相变和水蒸气提取精油共检测出180种物质,连续相变提取所得精油香气成分最多,为90种,且精油得率最高,为1.42%;3种提取方法所得精油共检测到8种脂肪酸,连续相变所得精油脂肪酸种类最多,为8种。结论不同溶剂和不同方式提取所得成分差异较大,但连续相变提取精油得率高、提取成分多,有利于还原沉香的本身风味,是一种新型有效的提取方式。Objective The effect of different extraction methods and solvent used on the composition of agarwood essential oils(EOs)was studied using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Methods Three parts of agarwood powder(30 g)were accurately weighed,and 150 mL of three-stage water,absolute ethanol and petroleum ether were added,respectively.The powder was stirred by magnetic force at 50℃for 1.5 h,filtered,and the filter residue was repeated for one time.The essential oil was prepared from aloes powder by supercritical extraction,continuous phase change extraction and steam extraction.Weigh the essential oil and calculate the yield.The relative contents of volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS.The composition of fatty acids in essential oils obtained by different extraction methods was detected by GC-MS.Results A total of 191 compounds were detected in the EOs extracted with water,ethanol and petroleum ether,respectively,indicating the compositions of the EOs extracts highly depended on the extracted solvents.The highest yield of EOs(10.70%)extracted by ethanol was obtained.For the different extraction methods,totally 180 substances were detected in EOs extracted using the supercritical,continuous phase transition and water vapor extraction method.Wherein,the EOs extracted using continuous phase transition method had the most abundant aroma composition(90)and highest yield(1.42%).Totally eight fatty acids were detected in EOs extracted by three extraction methods,where the EOs extracted by continuous phase transition have the highest amounts of fatty acids(eight kinds).Conclusion Different solvents and extraction methods strongly affected the composition of agarwood EOs.The continuous phase transition method with the advantages of high yield and abundant extraction of EOs was conducive to restore the initial flavor of agarwood,which may provide a novel technique to extract the aroma.

关 键 词：沉香精油 提取方法 气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS) 连续相变萃取 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]