中国大麦育成品种产量相关性状鉴定评价  

Evaluation of the Yield-related Traits of Chinese Barley Cultivars

作　　者：赵盟 王春超[2] 张仁旭 窦婷语 裴红红 郭爱奎 李姗姗[2] 吴斌[2] 刘敏轩[2] 高佳[2] 张京[2] 邢国芳[3] 王化俊[1] 孟亚雄[1] 郭刚刚 ZHAO Meng;WANG Chun-chao;ZHANG Ren-xu;DOU Ting-yu;PEI Hong-hong;GUO Ai-kui;LI Shan-shan;WU Bin;LIU Min-xuan;GAO Jia;ZHANG Jing;XING Guo-fang;WANG Hua-jun;MENG Ya-xiong;GUO Gang-gang(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization/National Major Scientific Project of Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement,Bejing 100081;College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding,Taiyuan 030031)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部粮食作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081 [3]山西农业大学农学院/杂粮种质创新与分子育种山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第5期1371-1382,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室开放课题(XZNKY-2020-C-007K01);杂粮种质创新与分子育种国家实验室(筹)(202105D121010);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：提高产量是作物育种的最主要的目标之一。通过对不同时期大麦育成品种的产量相关性状进行鉴定评价,有助于提高大麦高产育种的针对性。本研究对我国155份青稞、啤酒和饲料大麦育成品种的8个产量相关性状,分别在两个环境进行了表型鉴定。结果显示,啤酒大麦的株高、穗长、穗节数三者之间均呈极显著正相关;青稞和啤酒大麦中,穗密度和千粒重呈负相关。总体来看,啤酒和饲料大麦育成品种的千粒重表现为逐渐上升趋势,而青稞和啤酒大麦的株高呈下降趋势。聚类分析发现,参试材料可划分为高秆多粒组、中矮秆组、长穗高千粒重组、长粒稀穗组4类,反映了不同大麦产区的主要品种特征。本研究通过分析不同时期大麦育成品种的产量相关性状变化规律及潜在利用途径,可为我国不同生态区的大麦高产育种提供参考。Increasing yield is one of the major tasks in crop breeding.Evaluation of the yield-related traits of barley cultivars released from the different breeding periods might provide insights in high-yield breeding.In this study,155 Chinese barley cultivars which include Qingke(hulless barley),malting,and feed barley were evaluated for the phenotypic variations at eight yield-related traits in two environmental conditions.There is a very significant positive correlation among the plant height,spike length,and rachis node per spike of malting barley.Spike density negatively correlated with thousand kernel weight in Qingke and malting barley.Overall,the thousand kernel weight of barley cultivars of malting,and feed barley showed a gradual upward trend,while the plant height constantly decreased of Qingke and malting barley.Cluster analysis suggested four categories of these cultivars,including high-stalk multi-grain group,mid/dwarf-stalk group,long-spike high-thousand kernel weight group,and long-grain lax-spike group,being coincidence with the breeding targets in production areas.Collectively,the valuation of phenotype changes during barley breeding history and its potential avenues of applications can provide insights for high-yield breeding in different ecological regions in China.

关 键 词：大麦 育成品种 产量相关性状鉴定 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]