云南华坪县鼠疫疫源地调查实验室检测结果及风险分析  

Results and risk analysis of plague foci investigation in Huaping County of Yunnan Province

作　　者：邵宗体[1,4] 杜春红 罗祖新[3] 赵文红 许元彪[2] 杨聪静 高子厚 张正飞[2] 杨世松 董德春[3] 张晓云 洪梅 SHAO Zong-ti;DU Chun-hong;LUO Zu-xin;ZHAO Wen-hong;XU Yuan-biao;YANG Cong-jing;GAO Zi-hou;ZHANG Zheng-fei;YANG Shi-song;DONG De-chun;ZHANG Xiao-yun;HONG Mei(Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute of Endemic DiseasesControl and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所、云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]丽江市疾病预防控制中心 [3]华坪县疾病预防控制中心 [4]大理大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2022年第3期184-186,共3页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660554);云南省医疗卫生单位内设研究机构科研项目(2016NS132);徐建国院士工作站(2018ICI155);云南省高校自然疫源性疾病流行病学科技创新团队;大理大学自然疫源性疾病流行病学创新团队(ZKPY2019201)。

摘　　要：目的调查处于滇川交界疑似鼠疫疫源地的华坪县鼠疫流行情况,为当地鼠疫的预防控制工作提供依据。方法采集宿主动物及其体表寄生蚤样本,采集鼠疫指示动物血清,采用间接血凝实验(IHA)和酶联免疫实验(ELISA)两种方法对血清样本进行鼠疫F1抗体检测,采用反向间接血凝实验(RIHA)对自毙鼠脏器进行鼠疫F1抗原检测,对鼠脏器和蚤样本进行鼠疫菌分离培养。同时,对当地近年发生自毙鼠疫情、可疑病例情况进行回顾性调查。结果共捕获小兽3目4科9属17种240只,居民区捕获率为1.58%,优势种为小家鼠(47.37%,9/19)和褐家鼠(26.32%,5/19);农耕区捕获率为10.85%,优势种为卡氏小鼠(23.08%)、黑缘齿鼠(12.22%)、灰麝鼩(11.76%)、白尾梢麝鼩(11.31%)、锡金小鼠(10.41%)和齐氏姬鼠(10.41%)。共检获小兽寄生蚤5科7属7种26匹,小兽平均染蚤率为10.83%,总蚤指数为1.53,居民区优势种为缓慢细蚤和印鼠客蚤相对较多,农耕区优势种为穗缘端蚤中缅亚种、近端远棒蚤二刺亚种和方叶栉眼蚤。共采集指示动物血清531份,其中犬血清491份、猫血清40份,IHA法未检出阳性血清,ELISA法检出18份阳性,阳性率为3.39%(18/531),鼠疫F1抗体滴度在1∶2~1∶512之间,均为犬血清。捕获鼠形动物240只,检到寄生蚤26匹,获自毙鼠1只。自毙鼠未检测到鼠疫F1抗原,鼠脏器和蚤样本也未分离到鼠疫菌。随访调查未发现当地近年发生过自死鼠疫情。结论华坪县鼠密度和蚤指数以及犬血清的鼠疫F1抗体滴度均较低,未发现鼠疫流行的线索,可认为当地鼠疫流行风险不高。但存在鼠疫主要宿主和媒介的分布,指示动物检测到鼠疫F1抗体,周边地区存在鼠疫流行风险,需加强当地鼠疫监测,以及时发现疫情并进行有效防控。Objective To investigate the prevalence of plague in Huaping County,in suspected plague foci at the border between Yunnan and Sichuan Province,and to provide evidence for plague prevention and control.Methods Samples of host animals and their parasitic fleas were collected,and serum of plague indicator animals were collected.The plague F1 antibody in the serum of indicates animals and rodents were detected by indirect hemagglutination test(IHA)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The plague F1 antigen in the organs of self-dead rodent was detected by reverse indirect hemagglutination test(RIHA).The Yersinia pestis in the organs of rodents and parasitic fleas were isolated and cultured by selective sensitive medium.At the same time,a retrospective survey was conducted on the self-dead rodent and suspected cases in the local area in recent years.Results A total of 240 small mammals which belong to 15 species,7 genera,5 families and 3 orders were captured.The capture rate of small mammals in residential areas was 1.58%.The dominant species of small mammals were Mus musculus(47.37%,9/19)and Rattus norvegicus(26.32%,5/19)in the residential areas.The capture rate of small mammals in the agricultural area is 10.85%.The dominant species of small mammals were Mus caroli,Rattus sladeni,Mus pahari,Apodemus chevrieri,Crocidura attenuate and Crocidura Dracula,the composition ratio were 23.08%,12.22%,11.76%,11.31%,10.41%and 10.41%respectively.A total number of 26 fleas which belong to 7 species,7 genera,5 families were collected.The flea infection rate of small mammals was 10.83%and flea index was 1.53.Leptopsylla segnis and Xenopsylla cheopis were dominant species in residential areas,while Acropsylla episema girshami,Aviostivalius klossi bispiniformis and Ctenophthalmus quadratus were dominant species in the agricultural areas.A total of 531 animal serum samples were collected,including 491 dog serum samples and 40 cat serum samples.No positive serum was detected by IHA,18 positive samples were detected by ELISA,and

关 键 词：鼠疫 疫源地调查 华坪县 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]