马克思究竟在何种意义上“颠倒”了黑格尔辩证法——兼与王庆丰教授商榷  

Did Marx “Reverse” Hegel’s Dialectics?A Response to Professor Wang Qingfeng

作　　者：高云涌 Gao Yunyong

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2022年第8期10-17,127,128,共10页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“资本逻辑与新时代历史唯物主义的创新发展研究”(编号18BZX028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思在讨论自己的辩证法与黑格尔辩证法的关系时并没有直接使用“颠倒”一词,而是使用了“头足倒置”这样一种隐喻来描述辩证法的“基础”和辩证法的“形式”或“面貌”发生了“相反的改变”。与马克思的“辩证方法”截然相反的黑格尔辩证法,由于歪曲了“思维运动”与“现实运动”之间的关系,才使其具有了神秘的形式。“把运动本身的一切既成形式都看做是过渡的形式”是批判的和革命的辩证法的本质规定性,这正是黑格尔和马克思辩证法共同持有的历史原则的另一种表达方式——“批判的和革命的”实指“历史的”。只有运用具有“完全合理的面貌”的辩证法,即建立在唯物主义基础上的“辩证方法”,才能真正揭示“资本主义社会矛盾的运动”的内在联系。Is there a sense in which Marx “reversed” Hegel’s dialectics? This question has recently attracted much attention in the domestic Marxist philosophy circle.Many young scholars have put forward their own understandings about this in different ways and from different angles certainly because of their different knowledge backgrounds and their different research questions.Professor Wang Qingfeng’s paper,RethinkingM arx’s“Reversal”of Hegel’s Dialectics,has attracted the special attention of many scholars because of its unique argument and new solution.However,Professor Wang’s argument also exposed a series of new theoretical difficulties.Further analysis of these theoretical difficulties has shown that Marx did not directly use the word “reversal” when he discussed the relationship between his dialectics and Hegel’s;instead,he used the metaphor of “standing on its head” to describe the “opposite change” between the “foundation” and the“form” of dialectics.Hegel’s dialectics,which stands as the “direct opposite” to Marx’s dialectic method,has a mysterious form because it “ distorts ” the relationship between “ thinking movement ” and “ actual movement”.Dialectics is critical and revolutionary in essence,and it “ regards all established forms of the movement as transitional”.Here “critical and revolutionary” actually refers to “historical”.This is another expression of the historical principle in the dialectics of both Hegel and Marx.Only by using dialectics with a“completely rational form”,i.e.,“dialectics” based on “ materialism”,can we truly reveal the “ internal relationship” of “the movement of contradictions in capitalist society”.

关 键 词：马克思 黑格尔 辩证法 颠倒 头足倒置 历史原则 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]