立场三角中的定位与论证:阴谋论谣言的说服策略研究  

Positioning and Argumentation in the Stance Triangle:A Study on Persuasion Strategies of Conspiracy Theory Rumors

作　　者：袁会[1] 蔡骐[1] Yuan Hui;Cai Qi

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2022年第8期57-74,127,共19页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“网络亚文化传播机制与引导研究”(项目编号:18ZDA313)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：阴谋论谣言往往与现实事件(或情况)相关,且常常被认为是一部分人秘密而有意地操纵与欺骗。论文以这一特殊的谣言类型为研究对象,借鉴杜·波依斯的站位三角理论模型,研究其文本特征与生产逻辑,并总结出以对立性建构与一致性建构为核心的谣言说服框架。研究发现,“造谣者-阴谋者-接收者”三角立场中的二元关系建构是阴谋论谣言的底层说服逻辑,造谣者通过循环论证、复杂论据和因果连接证实阴谋真实存在,并采用诉诸威胁、诉诸众议、诉诸情感的方式推导出结盟的必要性,以诱发接收者的态度或行为改变。不过谣言论证过程中经常出现逻辑谬误,其所得出的结论因而一般是不可靠的。阴谋论谣言是风险社会的现实产物,它们是归因方式,是臆断性偏见,也是动员工具。从本质上讲,其说服过程是轻认知、重情感且常以行动激发为导向的。Conspiracy rumors are often related to real events.They attribute these events to secret deliberate manipulation and deception.This paper examines such rumors using Du Bois’s model of stance triangle.It reveals the rumors’textual features and production logic,and summarizes their persuasion framework:At its core there are constructions of antagonistic relation and congruent relation.It is found that the construction of binary relations in the rumormonger-conspirator-receiver triangle is the underlying logic of rumor persuasion.Rumormongers"prove"conspiracies through fallacious reasoning and"deduce"the necessity of alliance by appealing to psychological weaknesses.In this way they influence the receivers’attitude or behavior.However,the conclusions of these rumors are generally unreliable due to logical fallacies.Conspiracy rumors are products of the risk society.They are attribution patterns,presumptive biases,and mobilization tools.In essence,emotion is more important than cognition in the persuasion process.The purpose of these rumors is usually to provoke action.

关 键 词：阴谋论谣言 说服策略 话语 谬误 归因 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] C912.63[经济管理]