固体氧化物燃料电池技术在油气工业中的应用及发展前景  

Application and Development Prospect of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology in Oil and Gas Industry

作　　者：薛华庆[1] 孔令峰 金旭[1] 赵永明 蒋璐阳 刘颖[1] 付宏浩 Xue Huaqing;Kong Lingfeng;Jin Xu;Zhao Yongming;Jiang Luyang;Liu Ying;Fu Honghao(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Bejing 100083;China National Petroleum Corporation,Bejing 100007)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油天然气集团有限公司,北京100007

出　　处：《中外能源》2022年第8期12-22,共11页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：中国石油科技管理部前瞻性基础性技术攻关课题《固体氧化物燃料电池技术开发》(编号:2021DJ5004)。

摘　　要：固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)技术具有化学能与电能高效互换的优势。国外SOFC技术基本成熟,处于商业化早期阶段,已证实了技术可行性,但对我国实施技术封锁。我国SOFC技术处于示范阶段,可借鉴国外发展经验,由国家层面凝聚全国优势力量,统一部署和实施,进行持续10~20年的技术攻关;长寿命的单电池和电堆开发是实现SOFC技术应用的基础,10~30kW的电堆模组是开发兆瓦级系统的关键;同时,应重视电堆衰减机理研究,将开发长期、稳定运行的单电堆作为SOFC技术研究的首要任务。SOFC技术整体的发展趋势是长寿命、低成本、中低温,固定式SOFC发电系统、金属支撑型SOFC、质子传导型SOFC等是技术发展的重要方向。在全球碳中和目标与氢能产业驱动下,SOEC技术的发展势头有望超过SOFC。油气工业发展SOFC技术具有气源基础好、应用场景多等优势,并可拓展天然气终端业务,实现天然气和复杂天然气的高效利用。发展SOFC技术与煤炭地下气化、页岩油地下原位转化等战略性业务相匹配,SOFC逆向电解可与油气现有业务相融合,油气公司应联合优势单位加大技术攻关力度。Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) technology has the advantage of efficient exchange of chemical energy and electrical energy.The foreign SOFC technology is basically mature and is in the early stage of com-mercialization.The technical feasibility has been confirmed,but a technical blockade has been imposed on our country.The SOFC technology in China is in the demonstration stage,and foreign development experience can be used for reference.The research and development of SOFC technology requires cohesive national strengths,unified deployment and implementation,and 10-20years of sustained technical research at a national level.Development of long-life single cells and stacks is the basis for the application of SOFC technology,and 10-30kW stack modules are the key to the development of megawatt-level systems.Meanwhile,research on the stacks attenuation mechanism should be paid attention,and the development of long-term,stable operation of single stack is the primary task of SOFC technology research.The overall development trend of SOFC technol-ogy is the one with long life,low cost,and medium-or-low temperature,while stationary SOFC power generation systems,metal-supported SOFC and proton-conduction SOFC are important directions for technological development.Driven by the global carbon neutrality goal and hydrogen energy industry,SOEC technology is expected to surpass SOFC.The development of SOFC technology in the oil and gas industry has the advantages of good gas source foundation and many application scenarios,and it can expand the natural gas terminal business and realize the efficient utilization of natural gas and complex natural gas.The development of SOFC technology matches the strategic businesses of oil and gas companies such as underground gasification of coal and underground in-situ conversion of shale oil.Moreover,SOFC reverse electrolysis can be integrated with existing oil and gas businesses.Oil and gas companies should join forces with advantageous institutions to in-crease technical research efforts.

关 键 词：固体氧化物燃料电池 单电池 电堆 衰减机理 煤炭地下气化 页岩油原位转化 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TE4[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]