21世纪欧盟的非洲经贸政策:一项平等化方案?  

The EU’s Trade Policy towards Africa in the 21st Century:A Project towards Mutual-equality?

作　　者：简军波[1] JIAN Junbo

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中欧关系研究中心

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2022年第4期85-105,I0004,共22页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：21世纪以来,欧盟对非经贸政策调整经历了从《洛美协定》到《科托努协定》再到“后科托努协定”的转变。欧盟通过签署《科托努协定》以调整到期的《洛美协定》,试图改变欧盟对非洲的单边优惠经贸关系,推动双方从“援助者—受援者”关系转向完全“平等”的伙伴关系,其核心方案是推动双方“经济伙伴关系协定”的谈判与签署,“后科托努协定”大体继承了这一经贸政策。然而,近20多年来欧盟对非经贸政策调整可能给非洲带来潜在的负面冲击,包括对非洲初步工业化进程、财政资源和社会治理能力、大陆经济一体化及对外关系多元化等造成不同程度的(可能的)损害,并最终加深非洲对欧盟在经济和政治方面的依赖。因此,欧盟对非经贸政策调整与其说是基于自由主义方案的双边经贸关系平等化,不如说是欧盟以“平等”之名,使欧非关系朝着可能实质上更加不平等的方向演进。非洲需要加强自身对欧盟的谈判和交往能力,深入发展和新兴经济体的全面关系,尽可能摆脱对欧盟的依赖,实现欧非间真正平等关系的发展。Since the beginning of the 21st century,the key to the EU’s trade policy towards Africa has transformed from the LoméAgreement to the Cotonou Agreement and then to the PostCotonou Agreement.In short,through the Cotonou Agreement in lieu of the expired LoméAgreement in 2000,the EU tried to change its unilateral preferential trade relations with Africa and establish a complete“equal”partnership with the latte in place of the former“aider-recipient”one,in which the core project is to promote the negotiation and signing of the“economic partnership agreement”(EPA)with Africa.The“Post-Cotonou Agreement”generally inherits such kind of economic policy.However,the adjustment of the EU’s trade policy towards Africa in the past 20 years,which is aimed at realizing a“equal”relationship,may bring potentially negative impacts on Africa,including harming its initial industrialization,undermining its financial resources and social governance capacity,affecting its economic integration and damaging the African countries’diversification of foreign relationships,which will ultimately deepen Africa’s economic and political dependence on the EU.Therefore,instead of realizing an equal partnership based on the liberalization of their economic relations,the EU’s adjustment of its African trade policy may make its relationship with Africa more unequal.In view of this situation,it is necessary for Africa to deepen comprehensive relations with the emerging economies such as China and strengthen its capability of negotiation and communication with the EU in order to get rid of its dependence on the EU as much as possible.

关 键 词：《科托努协定》 “后科托努协定” 经济伙伴关系协定 平等化 欧盟 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易]