保护地役权的功能审视与法律构造  

Functions Review and Construction of Conservation Easement

作　　者：阙占文[1] Que Zhanwen

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院/南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室(珠海)

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第5期130-141,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项项目“陆海统筹背景下我国海洋生态环境协同治理研究”(18VHQ014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：保护地役权旨在克服传统法律制度应对自然保护问题之局限,激励土地权利人和公益组织参与自然保护。保护地役权不以需役地为构造要件,允许为供役地权利人创设自然资源管理的作为与不作为义务,且约束供役地后续权利人。保护地役权维护生态系统完整性、增强自然保护措施适应性,回应自然保护的灵活性、确定性和可持续性要求,有助于应对我国自然保护地体系建设中的保护空缺、集体土地占比高、人地矛盾明显、空间异质性等现实挑战。保护地役权是特殊类型的地役权,难以归入《民法典》地役权规范。有必要在自然保护地立法中引入保护地役权制度,明确其公共目标、创设主体、自愿设立与公共规制,规范保护地役权合同的变更要件和程序,并纳入环境公益诉讼范围。Conservation easements are designed to overcome the limitations of traditional legal systems in dealing with nature conservation and to provide incentives for land owners and non-profit organizations to participate in nature conservation. The conservation easement does not take the need for easement as the structural element, allowing the creation of natural resource management obligations for the owners of easement, and restricting the successor owner of servient property. Conservation easements preserve the integrity of ecosystems, enhance the adaptability of nature conservation measures, and respond to the requirements of flexibility, security and sustainability of nature conservation, which are useful to meet the real challenges in the construction of China’s protected areas, such as protection vacancies, high proportion of collective land, obvious contradiction between man and land, and spatial heterogeneity. Conservation easements are special types of easements that are difficult to classify under the Civil Code’s easement norms.It is necessary to introduce a conservation easements system into the legislation on protected areas, clarifying their public objectives, the subjects, voluntary establishment and public regulation, the elements and procedures of amending conservation easement contracts, and environmental public interest litigation.

关 键 词：保护地役权 自然保护地 环境治理 公共利益 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]