地热井花岗岩地层钻进提速技术研究与应用进展  

Progress in Research and Application of Drilling Speed-Up Technology for Granite Formation in Geothermal Wells

作　　者：张德龙 郭强[1] 杨鹏 卢彤 吴烁 翁炜 刘宝林 ZHANG Delong;GUO Qiang;YANG Peng;LU Tong;WU Shuo;WENG Wei;LIU Baolin(Beijing Institute of Exploration Engineering,Beijing 100083;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083;Technology Innovation Center for Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Explorationand Development,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050060)

机构地区：[1]北京探矿工程研究所,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [3]自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心,河北石家庄050060

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2022年第5期1082-1090,共9页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41802197);自然资源部深部地质钻探技术重点实验室开放基金(编号:KF202103);地质调查专项项目(编号:DD20221681)联合资助。

摘　　要：地热资源是一种非碳基清洁能源,开发地热资源可为实现碳中和提供有力支撑。随着地热资源勘查开发进度的不断加快,花岗岩地层的钻遇率不断提高。花岗岩地层岩石硬度高、可钻性差,钻进难度大,开展花岗岩地层钻进提速技术及应用研究对促进地热资源开发利用有重要意义。本文系统梳理了国内外花岗岩地层钻进提速技术,分别介绍了螺杆马达、涡轮钻具、蓄能式提速工具、液动冲击器、气动潜孔锤等井下提速工具的特点和研究进展,结合钻探工程应用实践对每种提速钻进工具的应用情况进行了分析,针对不同工程地质特点总结提出了提速技术优选建议。对于常规地热井或温度小于150℃的花岗岩地层,宜采用螺杆马达配合牙轮钻头复合钻进技术;对于不含水或出水量较小的花岗岩地层,宜采用气动潜孔锤钻进提速技术;对于温度高于150℃或硬度高、研磨性强的花岗岩地层,采用涡轮钻具复合钻进技术提速效果更为明显。Geothermal resource is a kind of non-carbon based clean energy,and its development can provide strong support for carbon neutrality.With the continuous acceleration of the exploration and development of geothermal resources,the rate of drilling encounters in granite formations continues to increase.Granite formations have high rock hardness and poor drillability,making it difficult to drill.In terms of promoting the development and utilization of geothermal resources,it is of great significance to carry out research on drilling speed-up technology and application in granite formations.This paper systematically sorts out the speed-up methods of drilling in granite formations,introduces the application and research progress of downhole speed-up tools such as screw motors,turbodrills,hydro-efflux hammers,pneumatic hammers,and energy storage speed-up tools.The application effect of each tool is analyzed based on drilling engineering practice.Based on the research of the paper,the optimization suggestions for speed-up technology are summarized and put forward for different engineering geological characteristics.For conventional geothermal wells or the granite formations with temperature less than 150℃,screw motor combined with roller bit drilling technology is recommended.For granite strata with no water or less water inflow,it is advisable to choose the pneumatic hammer drilling technology.For granite formations with temperature higher than 150℃or high hardness and strong abrasiveness,the speed-up effect of the turbodrilling technology is more obvious.

关 键 词：地热 干热岩 花岗岩钻进 钻井提速 井下钻具 

分 类 号：TE243[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]