晚清高门望族不良子弟管理与地方治安惩处的伦理困境——以苏州潘氏家族为研究视角  

The Management of Bad Members by Scholar-Tyrants Family of Confucianism and the Ethical Dilemma of Local Public Security in the Late Qing Dynasty——From the Perspective of PAN Family in Suzhou

作　　者：张淑贤 ZHANG Shu-xian

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《北方论丛》2022年第5期103-112,共10页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代江南望族潘氏与苏州社会治理研究”(20CZS067)。

摘　　要：对族内不良子弟的管理与惩戒,是晚清高门望族必须面对的一大难题。苏州“贵潘”对家族后代因材施教,但仍有一些子弟染上赌博、抽望族烟等恶习,在当地为非作歹,使整个家族蒙羞。从新近出版的《贵潘友朋信札》可见,潘遵祁、潘霨、潘馥、潘钟瑞、潘嘉穗等人为管理这些不良子弟煞费苦心,但终因有规不依,执规不严,顾虑重重,难以达到预期的管教目的。苏州地方官府因“贵潘”的人脉与社会威望而推卸责任,不敢依法惩处其犯错子弟,从而助长了望族不良子弟的嚣张气焰。究其原因,宗族因维护其整体利益而不愿依照族规严格管控和惩处族内不良子弟,而地方官府畏惧望族特权亦不愿插手宗族人事和依法办理相关社会治安事务。在“自治”与“官治”双重失效的情势下,望族不良子弟成为难以规约和惩戒的社会毒瘤,而苏州地方社会治理也因此难以达到“善治”的水准。In the late Qing Dynasty,the management and punishment of the bad family members was a big problem for Scholar-Tyrant family of Confucianism.The“Gui Pan”(The wealthy Pan family of Suzhou)of Suzhou taught their descendants according to their abilities,but some of them were still addicted to gambling,abusing drug and other bad habits,which disturbed the local government and disgraced the whole family.According to the newly published Letters from Pan’s Clan and Their Friends,Pan Zunqi,Pan Wei,Pan Fu,Pan Zhongrui,Pan Jiasui and others took pains to manage these family members,but it was difficult to achieve the expected goal of disciplining them because of the failure to comply with the regulations,lax enforcement of the regulations,and many worries.The local government of Suzhou shirked its responsibility because of the personal network and social prestige of the wealthy Pan family of Suzhou,and dared not punish who made mistakes according to law,thus encouraging the arrogance of prominent families.The reason was that clans were reluctant to strictly control and punish family members according to clan rules because of their overall interests,and local officials were afraid of the privileges of prominent clans and are unwilling to intervene in clan personnel and deal with relevant social security affairs according to law.In the situation where“autonomy”and“official governance”were both ineffective,the bad members of prominent families became a social cancer that was difficult to regulate and punish,and therefore the local social governance of Suzhou was difficult to reach the level of“good governance”.

关 键 词：苏州“贵潘” 不良子弟 宗族自治 地方“官治” 高门望族 

分 类 号：K820.9[历史地理—历史学] K252[政治法律—政治学] D691[政治法律—中外政治制度]