地位焦虑与美国对华战略竞争  

Status Anxiety and U.S. Strategic Competition with China

作　　者：韦宗友[1] Wei Zongyou

机构地区：[1]复旦大学美国研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《国际观察》2022年第3期70-96,共27页International Review

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重点项目“印太战略框架下美日印澳四国合作新趋势及中国对策研究”(项目编号:20AGJ009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：21世纪第二个十年以来,美国对华政策逐渐由“接触”转向“战略竞争”。特朗普执政标志着这一政策转向的基本完成,拜登执政后,美国对华战略竞争全面推进。对于美国对华政策的转变,既有研究主要从美国领导人更替、中国外交“咄咄逼人”和权力转移三个角度给予解释。本文在指出现有解释不足的同时,借助国际地位理论,提出霸权国地位焦虑理论分析框架,提出正是美国对中国崛起的担心及对自身霸权地位的焦虑,触发了美国对华政策的根本性改变,由“接触”转向“战略竞争”。在此基础上,文章对奥巴马、特朗普和拜登政府的对华政策转向进行了较为全面的考察,并在文末提出管控中美战略竞争风险的政策建议。Entering the second decade of the 21century,the U.S. policy toward China gradually evolved from “Engagement” to “Strategic Competition”.Trump’s entry into the White House is the landmark of this policy shift and Biden’s election opened a new era of overall strategic competition with China.The existing literature on the U.S. China policy shift provides three main explanations:the U.S. leadership change,China’s assertive foreign policy,and power transition.This paper provides an alternative explanation using the hegemon’s status anxiety theoretic framework,arguing that China’s rapid rise in power and the accompanying status anxiety it ignites from the U.S. is the main driving force behind U.S. policy change toward China.The paper then thoroughly examines the policy evolution from Obama to Trump and Biden administrations’ China policy.At the end of the paper,it puts forward some policy advice on how to manage the strategic risk accompanying the status anxiety in the shadow of power transition.

关 键 词：地位焦虑 战略竞争 美国对华政策 中美关系 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]