技术创新对日本劳动力就业的影响及应对  

The Impact of Technological Innovation on Japanese Labor Employment and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：杨雪[1] 樊洺均 YANG Xue;FAN Mingjun(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学东北亚学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2022年第2期79-94,共16页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

摘　　要：技术创新已成为日本经济发展和社会进步的重要驱动力,新一轮技术革命给日本劳动力市场带来了广泛而深刻的影响。技术创新通过多重效应叠加影响日本劳动力供需关系,促进就业结构及产业结构升级,在一定程度上缓解了劳动力供给不足对日本经济发展造成的消极影响。技术创新并没有给日本劳动力就业总量带来显著的替代压力,但结构性冲击不可避免,就业结构呈两极化趋势发展,中间层技能岗位容易被替代,技能需求发生本质性改变,对就业的挤出风险不容忽视。政府政策制定部门应把握新时期技术创新的特点及新业态发展趋势,适时进行政策调整,完善相关就业保障政策,减少技术创新对劳动力就业替代的途径,充分发挥技术创新对就业的积极效应,最终实现高质量就业。Technological innovation has become an important driving force for Japan’s economic development and social progress.The new round of technological revolution has brought a broad and profound impact on Japan’s labor market.Technological innovation affects the relationship between labor supply and demand in Japan through the superposition of multiple effects,promotes the upgrading of employment structure and industrial structure,and alleviates the negative impact of insufficient labor supply on Japan’s economic development to a certain extent.Technological innovation has not brought significant substitution pressure to the total employment of Japanese labor force,but the structural impact is inevitable.The employment structure is developing in a polarization trend.The middle-level skilled posts are easy to be replaced,and the skill demand has changed substantially.The risk of crowding out of employment cannot be ignored.Government policy-making departments should grasp the characteristics of technological innovation and the development trend of new business forms in the new era,timely adjust policies,improve relevant employment security policies,reduce the ways of technological innovation replacing labor employment,give full play to the positive effect of technological innovation on employment,and finally realize high-quality employment.

关 键 词：日本 技术创新 劳动力供给 就业结构 劳动人口 

分 类 号：F133.134.3[经济管理—世界经济]