日本可再生能源上网电价政策研究  

Research on Japan’s Renewable Power Generation on-grid Tariff Policy

作　　者：陈英姿[1] 张佳艺 CHEN Yingzi;ZHANG Jiayi(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2022年第4期25-37,共13页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“‘十四五’时期环境约束推动产业平稳、绿色低碳发展的机制与路径研究”(21ZDA006)。

摘　　要：在日本电力市场迈向自由化市场阶段的过程中,日本大力推动可再生能源参与电力市场交易,上网电价政策是鼓励可再生能源发电的应用最为广泛的政策工具。日本上网电价政策经历了从配额制(RPS)到固定电价制(FIT)的转变,两种上网电价政策代表了日本可再生能源发电的两个时代。RPS和FIT两种政策的目标趋同,均具有法律强制性,但RPS通过二级市场交易激励个体行为,FIT则通过政府手段直接调控,因此RPS与FIT分别属于市场导向型和政府补贴型。激活电力市场自由化的需求以及政治因素等推动了日本由RPS向FIT的转变。FIT在促进增加装机容量和可再生能源电力供应方面表现优于RPS,上网电价制度转变是日本实现电力市场化改革的重要环节。In the process of Japan’s power market achieving liberalization,Japan has vigorously promoted renewable energy to participate in power market transactions.The on-grid tariff policy is the most widely used tool to encourage renewable energy power generation.Japan has experienced the transformation from Renewable Portfolio Standard(RPS)to Feed-in Tariff(FIT).The two on-grid tariff policies represent two eras of renewable energy power generation in Japan.RPS and FIT have similar objective and are both legally mandatory,but RPS encourages individual trade on secondary market,while FIT is directly regulated by government.Therefore,RPS is market-oriented and FIT is a government subsidy.The demand to activate the liberalization of the electricity market and political factors have promoted the transformation of Japan from RPS to FIT.FIT preformed much better than RPS in encouraging the increase of installed capacity and renewable energy power supply,which proves that Japan’s policy changing is necessary for Japan’s power market reform.

关 键 词：日本 可再生能源发电 上网电价政策 配额制(RPS) 固定电价制(FIT) 

分 类 号：F133.130[经济管理—世界经济]