《民法典》视域下环境健康损害惩罚性赔偿的适用研究  

Research on the Application of Punitive Compensation for Environmental Health Damage from the Perspective of"Civil Code"

作　　者：华国庆[1] 黄大芬 HUA Guoqing;HUANG Dafen(Law School and Research Center for Economic Law,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院暨经济法制研究中心,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《法学论坛》2022年第5期16-25,共10页Legal Forum

摘　　要：环境健康损害系指环境污染(生物、化学和物理)对公众和个人健康造成的实际健康损害以及健康隐患或者健康风险。目前,环境健康损害赔偿面临公众健康损害风险预防不到位以及个人健康损害赔偿不充分的双重挑战。《民法典》第1232条新增了生态环境侵权惩罚性赔偿,其功能契合于环境健康损害赔偿的现实需求。为促进环境健康损害惩罚性赔偿的有效适用,一方面需要明确适用要件,包括对行为要件、主观要件、结果要件以及主体要件的依次界定;另一方面需要理顺适用路径,从单一的民事诉讼路径延伸到行政救济路径。Environmental health damage refers to the actual health damage,potential health hazards or health risks caused by environmental pollution(biology,chemistry and Physics)to public and personal health.At present,environmental health damage compensation is facing double challenges,including the weak prevention of public health damage risk and the insufficient compensation for personal health damage.In terms of function,the provisions of punitive compensation for ecological and environmental infringement added in article 1232 of the"Civil Code"can meet the needs of environmental and health damage compensation.In order to promote the effective application of punitive compensation for environmental health damage,on the one hand,it is necessary to clarify the applicable elements,mainly including the definition of behavior elements,subjective elements,result elements and subject elements,on the other hand,it is necessary to straighten out the applicable path,can be extended from a single litigation path to administrative relief path.

关 键 词：环境污染 健康损害 风险预防 惩罚性赔偿 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]