新冠肺炎常态化防控时期北京市儿童校外口罩佩戴行为及影响因素分析  

Analysis on mask wearing behavior and its risk factors of Beijing′s children in off-campus environment under the normal prevention and control of COVID-19

作　　者：曹远[1] 钱运梁[1] 郭铭杰 柴晶鑫 于彤[1] 刘秀荣[1] CAO Yuan;QIAN Yun-liang;GUO Ming-jie;CHAI Jing-xin;YU Tong;LIU Xiu-rong(Bejing Centers for Disease Prevention and Control,Bejing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100020

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2022年第7期631-637,647,共8页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：北京市疾病预防控制中心科研培育专项(2020-BJYJ-19)。

摘　　要：目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控形势下,北京市儿童在校外场所佩戴口罩的情况,并分析其影响因素。方法 2020年11—12月,自行设计问卷利用问卷星软件在北京市9个区36所幼儿园和18所小学的家长中开展线上调查。调查内容为儿童家庭基本情况,家长新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)知识知晓、疫情风险感知、提供防护指导,及儿童在校外场所佩戴口罩的情况等。结果 收集问卷7746份,其中有效问卷7494份。过去1个月去过室内人群聚集场所的儿童中,64.2%规范佩戴口罩;去过室外人群聚集场所的儿童中,54.8%规范佩戴口罩;30.8%的儿童在室外场所过度佩戴口罩。城区儿童室内规范佩戴口罩比例(66.3%)高于郊区(62.5%)(P<0.01),郊区儿童过度佩戴口罩比例(33.1%)高于城区(27.7%)(P<0.01);随年级升高,儿童规范和过度佩戴口罩的比例均逐渐增高;家长风险感知中等水平,儿童规范佩戴口罩的比例均最低。多因素分析结果显示,家长知识得分高(OR=1.136)儿童室内规范佩戴口罩可能性大;小学低年级(OR=1.483、1.292)和高年级(OR=1.768、1.870),家长提供防护指导(OR=1.694、1.743)、自我效能高(OR=3.377、2.839)、自报口罩佩戴行为好(OR=5.657、4.653)的儿童室内和室外规范佩戴口罩可能性大,郊区(OR=0.823、0.889)、非独生子女(OR=0.786、0.833)儿童室内和室外规范佩戴口罩可能性低。小学低年级(OR=1.224)和高年级(OR=1.979)、提供防护指导(OR=1.833)、家长自报口罩佩戴行为较好(OR=3.189)儿童过度佩戴口罩的风险高,家长文化程度为本科/大专(OR=0.511)和硕士及以上(OR=0.323)、知识得分高(OR=0.850)的儿童过度佩戴口罩的风险低。结论 我市幼儿及小学生在校外场所基本能够规范佩戴口罩,但也存在过度佩戴口罩的情况。应注重提升儿童家长健康防护知识水平,提高家长提供防护指导的自我效能和技能。Objective To understand the situation of children wearing masks outside of school in Beijing under the situation of normalized prevention and control of COVID-19,and to analyze its risk factors. Methods Using multi-stage stratified sampling, an online survey was conducted among parents of children from 36 kindergartens and 18 primary schools in 9 districts of Beijing.The content of the survey included the basic situation of children′s families, parents′ knowledge of COVID-19,risk perception of the epidemic, providing protection guidance, and children′s wearing masks in off-campus places. Results 7746 questionnaires were collected, of which 7494 were valid.There were 64.2%of children who had been to indoor gathering places in the past month wearing masks normatively while54.8% of children who went to outdoor gathering places wearing masks normatively.And 30.8% of children wore masks excessively outdoor.The proportion of urban children wearing masks normatively was higher than that of suburban children(66.3% vs 62.5%,P<0.01) while the proportion of urban children wearing masks excessivelywas lower than that of suburban children(27.7% vs 33.1%,P<0.01). With the increase of grades, the proportion of children′s wearing of masks normally and excessively gradually increased.Among all, parents have a medium level of risk perception the proportion of their children wearing masks normatively was lowest.The results of multivariate analysis showed that children whose parents had high knowledge scores(OR=1.136) were more likely to wear masks normatively in indoor places;Children in primary school, whose parents provided guidance(OR=1.694,1.743),had high self-efficacy(OR=3.377,2.839) and better mask wearing behavior(OR=5.657,4.653) were more likely to wear mask normatively, while children in suburbs(OR=0.823,0.889) and non only-one children(OR=0.786,0.833) were less likely to wear masks normatively.Children in primary school, whose parents provided guidance(OR=1.833),had better mask wearing behavior(OR=3.189) had a hig

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 口罩佩戴 儿童 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]