溶剂效应对合成聚苯胺形貌及性能的影响  

Influence of Solvent Effect on the Morphology and Performance of Synthesized Polyaniline

作　　者：李昕[1] 庞雅莉[1] 陈赛赛 龚䶮 王锐[1] 刘励威 LI Xin;PANG Ya-li;CHEN Sai-sai;GONG Yan;WANG Rui;LIU Li-wei(Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber,School of Materials Design and Engineering,Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京服装学院材料设计与工程学院,服装材料研究开发与评价北京市重点实验室,北京市纺织纳米纤维工程技术研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《北京服装学院学报(自然科学版)》2022年第2期1-6,14,共7页Journal of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51873003,1119070);北京市教委科技重点项目(KZ201910012015);北京市教委科技面上项目(KM202010012003);北京学者计划(RCQJ20303)。

摘　　要：采用无模板法,研究了不同溶剂的溶剂效应对聚苯胺(PANI)形貌及性能的影响。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD和TG对所得PANI进行了表征。研究发现:不同溶剂得到的PANI具有4种不同形貌,即玫瑰花型(水作溶剂)、纳米颗粒(乙醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯作溶剂)、纳米棒(乙醚、甲醇、三氯甲烷作溶剂)和空心微球(水杨酸溶液作溶剂),其形貌的形成是溶剂的表面张力和软模板共同作用的结果;所得PANI均具有较高的电导率,且为掺杂态PANI,溶剂对电导率的影响不大;其FTIR谱图非常相似,但形成的氢键有强有弱,乙酸乙酯、乙醚、甲醇、水杨酸溶液作溶剂所得PANI醌环的键强度减弱,掺杂度降低。XRD结果表明,所得PANI总体为无定形聚合物,乙腈、甲醇、三氯甲烷为溶剂所得PANI的结晶性能更好一些,而以水、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙醚和三氯甲烷为溶剂时得到的PANI具有更好的热稳定性。This paper studied the influence of different solvents on the morphology and performance of polyaniline(PANI)with the template-free method.The PANI obtained was characterized by SEM,FTIR,XRD and TG.It shows that PANI obtained from different solvents has four different morphologies:rosette type(water as solvent),nanoparticles(ethanol,acetonitrile,ethyl acetate as solvent),nanorods(ether,methanol,and chloroform as solvent)and hollow microspheres(the salicylic acid solution as the solvent).The formation of these morphologies isthe result of the combined effect of the surface tension of the solvent and the soft template.All obtained PANI has high conductivity and belongs to doped PANI.The solvent has little effect on the conductivity of PANI.Their FTIR spectra are very similar,but the hydrogen bonds formed are strong or weak.The bond strength of the PANI quinone ring obtained from the solution of ethyl acetate,ether,methanol,and salicylic acid is weakened,and the doping degree is reduced.XRD results show that the obtained PANI is generally an amorphous polymer,and the PANI obtained with acetonitrile,methanol,and chloroform as solvents has better crystallization performance,while the PANI obtained with water,acetonitrile,ethyl acetate,ether,and chloroform as solvents has better thermal stability.

关 键 词：聚苯胺 无模板法 溶剂效应 表面张力 

分 类 号：O633[理学—高分子化学]