商周时期储粮窖穴研究——以陕西旬邑西头遗址为例  

A Study on the Cellar of Grain Storage in Shang and Zhou Dynasties: Taking the Xitou Site in Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province as an Example

作　　者：宋阿倩 马志坤 刘斌[1,2] 易璇[1,2] SONG A-qian;MA Zhi-kun;LIU Bin;YI Xuan(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research And Conservation,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127 [2]西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《中国农史》2022年第4期14-23,62,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“西辽河地区全新世早中期旱作农业的演变过程与人类适应”(41807436);国家自然科学基金项目“青藏高原史前文化分区及交流路线与环境”(41761018);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目“泾河流域先周时期考古遗存的多学科综合研究”(21JY042)。

摘　　要：商周时期统治者高度重视农耕“,劝课农桑”,鼓励农业生产,这一阶段粮食产量的激增促进了粮食储藏制度和设施的完善,众多考古遗址中常见用于存储的窖穴遗迹。为进一步解析商周时期储粮窖穴的特点,本文选取陕西旬邑西头遗址2处西周时期窖穴作为研究对象,对窖穴内壁、底部和填土的土壤样品进行了土壤微形态和植硅体分析,结果显示2处窖穴在营造时均经过火烤等加工处理,存储物品种类有粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)等农作物及部分日常生活器具,存储的粮食极有可能放置于三足瓮等陶制容器中。结合商周时期窖穴遗迹的总体概况,我们将西头遗址西周时期窖穴的建造特征总结为:营造工艺简单,存储物品种类复杂,存储方式灵活。该研究结果有助于我们深入了解该类遗迹的建造理念,同时对商周时期储粮设施和策略有更为清晰的认识,推动对商周时期农业发展状况的深入了解。During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the central government paid great important to farming, supervised and encouraged the development of the natural economy based on agriculture, which promoted the improvement of the grain storage system and facilities to ensure food security. The cellar remains of grain storage are common in archaeological sites of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In order to better understand the characteristics of the grain storage cellars, this paper selected two cellar remains of Western Zhou Dynasty from the Xitou site in Xunyi county, Shaanxi province as a case. The soil samples from the inner,bottom and filling of the two cellars were analyzed by soil micromorphology analysis and phytolith analysis.The results showed that the two cellars at the Xitou site were processed by baking during construction, the storage items mainly include foxtail millet(Setaria italica), broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum), as well as daily necessities. Besides, the grains were most likely stored in pottery containers such as three-legged urns. Based on the general situation of the the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, we summarized the characteristics of such facilities at Xitou site in the Western Zhou Dynasty were simply construction, complex types of storage items, and flexible storage. The result of this study strengthens our understanding of the construction philosophy of such site, and enabled us to gain a vision of grain storage facilities and strategies of ancient people, as well as promoted a deeper understanding of the status of agricultural development during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

关 键 词：商周时期 陕西旬邑 储粮窖穴 土壤微形态 植硅体 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]