种桑与十六国政治文化转型  

Planting Mulberry and the Transformation of Political Culture in Sixteen Countries

作　　者：张孙小大 ZHANG Sun-xiaoda(College of History and Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《中国农史》2022年第4期24-35,共12页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：桑树本是汉地农业生产的常见物种,却在魏晋时期气候严寒、不宜种植的大背景下,进入了辽东鲜卑慕容部的视野。桑树在汉地的文化表征,促使前燕慕容廆不惜浮海求桑,借此推动政治文化转型。北族征服者进入汉地后,藉种桑对原有政治文明进行改造。种桑与提倡汉化的方向一致,是秩序恢复的象征;而恪守民族本位的北族征服者,往往起初将桑树焚伐毁荡。北族波浪式次第南下的历史,使桑树经历了不断种植、不断焚毁的波折,处于“屡毁屡种”之中,在北魏才正式回归到应有序列。种桑作为华夏化历史进程的缩影,折射出北族向中原政治文化转型的历史动向。Mulberry is a common species among agricultural production in the Han area, but under the background of severe cold unsuitable for planting during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it entered the vision of Murong tribe of Xianbei in Liaodong. The cultural representation of mulberry trees in the Han area prompted Murong Wei of the Former Yan to go to the sea to seek for mulberry trees, thereby launching a political and cultural transformation. After the northern conquerors entered the Han area, they transformed the original political civilization by planting mulberry. Planting mulberry is consistent with the promotion of sinicization,and is a symbol of order restoration. However, the northern conquerors who strictly adhered to the national standard often burned and destroyed the mulberry trees at first. The history of the northern ethnic groups moving south in waves made the mulberry trees undergo the twists and turns of frequent planting and burning. It was in the process of "repeated destruction and planting", and it was only in the Northern Wei Dynasty that it formally returned to its proper sequence. As a microcosm of the historical process of sinicization, planting mulberry reflects the historical trend of the transformation of the northern ethnic groups to the political culture of the Central Plains.

关 键 词：种桑 慕容廆 北族政权 政治文化 气候变化 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]