钙信号相关光遗传学工具开发及其在神经生物学中的应用  

Genetically encoded calcium channel modulators:design and applications in neurobiology

作　　者：王刘清 何涟 Yubin Zhou 王友军 WANG LiuQing;HE Lian;ZHOU YuBin;WANG YouJun(Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development,College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Department of Pharmacology,School of Medicine,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Center for Translational Cancer Research,Institute of Biosciences and Technology,Texas A&M University,Houston,TX,USA;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology,College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院抗性基因资源与分子发育北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]南方科技大学医学院药理学系,深圳518055 [3]Center for Translational Cancer Research,Institute of Biosciences and Technology,Texas A&M University,Houston,TX,USA [4]北京师范大学生命科学学院,细胞增殖及调控生物学教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2022年第8期1173-1183,共11页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:91954205)资助。

摘　　要：神经元通过动作电位及突触传递来使动物对内外刺激做出快速而准确的反应.钙信号通过介导或调控上述生理过程,成为神经元活动的标志.凭借高度的时空特异性,光遗传学成为探究神经元钙信号的一种理想手段.近年来,基于一系列光敏蛋白所开发出的光控钙信号工具,在不断完善和改进下,被成功地应用于神经生物学研究中.利用这些工具在多种模式动物中进行了低损伤性的光遗传学操作,实现了从神经元钙信号到动物记忆及行为的光操纵,体现了这类工具巨大的潜在应用价值.本文总结了钙信号相关光遗传学工具的最新研究进展,介绍了不同光控钙信号工具的设计原理及其在神经生物学中的应用,并对后续发展进行了展望.Animals rely on neurons to respond quickly and accurately to various stimuli.Ca^(2+)lcium(Ca^(2+))signal has become a well-established index for neural activities,as it is essential for the generation of action potentials and synaptic transmissions,which are two fundamental functions of neurons.To control neural Ca^(2+)signaling with high spatiotemporal precision,optogenetics has become an ideal approach.Recently,by incorporating photosensory modules into Ca^(2+)-handling machinery,various genetically encoded calcium channel modulators(GECMs)have been engineered and further improved.These tools enable less-invasive optical control of multiple neural activities,ranging from Ca^(2+)signaling to animal memory and behaviors,showing great potential for the dissection and modulation of neuronal function and related diseases.This review summarizes recent progress in GECMs,with a focus on their design strategies and representative applications in neurobiology.

关 键 词：神经元 钙信号 光遗传学 遗传编码的钙信号操纵工具 

分 类 号：Q42[生物学—神经生物学]