实验岩石学发展现状与趋势  

Experimental Petrology: Status Quo and Prospect

作　　者：倪怀玮[1,2] 王沁霞 王春光 张艳飞[4] Ni Huaiwei;Wang Qingxia;Wang Chunguang;Zhang Yanfei(CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments,School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology,Hefei 230026,China;College of Earth Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China;State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院壳幔物质与环境重点实验室,中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心,安徽合肥230026 [3]吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林长春130061 [4]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学》2022年第8期2691-2700,共10页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41825004,41721002)。

摘　　要：实验岩石学通过高温高压实验来模拟地球内部状态,正演研究矿物、岩石及其组分的物理化学行为,与天然矿物和岩石样品反演研究相互补充.从20世纪初美国卡内基研究所建立地球物理实验室算起,实验岩石学已经历了100多年的发展,在认识地球内部状态和过程以及矿物和岩石成因方面发挥了重要作用.我国实验岩石学研究开展约50年,进入21世纪以来在实验平台和创新性研究成果方面取得了显著进步.在学科发展趋势方面,实验岩石学表现出以下6方面的特点:(1)新的高温高压实验技术不断涌现;(2)实验与分析测试技术高度融合;(3)实验模拟与计算模拟相结合;(4)从热力学平衡扩展到动力学研究;(5)从干体系扩展到对挥发分和流体的深入研究;(6)应用场景从固体地球扩展到类地行星.通过进一步开发或改进高温高压实验技术,加强与分析测试技术以及计算技术的结合,实验岩石学有望在破解地球内部流体的性质和作用、地幔演化和岩浆分异、变质反应速率和机制、类地行星形成与演化等重要科学问题方面作出关键贡献.Through simulating the high pressure and high temperature conditions in Earth’s interior, experimental petrology investigates the physicochemical behavior of minerals, rocks and the components they contain, which complements“inverse problem”study using natural samples. Since the foundation of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie institution in the early20th century, the development of experimental petrology has been taking place for more than 100 years. Experimental petrology has played a crucial role in advancing our knowledge about the conditions and processes in Earth’s interior and the genesis of minerals and rocks. In China, experimental petrology has developed for more than five decades, and significant progress has been made in the 21th century with respect to laboratory building and scientific research. We highlight the following characteristics in the development of experimental petrology as a discipline:(1) emergence of novel high temperature and high pressure experimental techniques;(2) integration of experimental and analytical techniques;(3) combination of experimental simulation and computational simulation;(4) expansion from thermodynamic equilibrium to kinetics;(5) expansion from dry systems to volatiles-bearing systems including fluids;(6) expansion from the Earth to other terrestrial planets. Through further development in experimental techniques and more intimate combination with analytical and computational methods, experimental petrology is expected to make important contributions in resolving important scientific problems, such as the properties and effects of geofluids, mantle evolution and magma differentiation, rates and mechanisms of metamorphic reactions, and the formation and evolution of terrestrial planets.

关 键 词：实验岩石学 高温 高压 原位测量 

分 类 号：P589[天文地球—岩石学]