妨害兴奋剂管理罪的成立要件与衔接适用  

Elements of the Crime Against Doping Regulations and the Transfer of Administrative Offenses to the Criminal Law

作　　者：喻海松[1] YU Haisong(Research Office of the Supreme People's Court,Beijing 100745,China)

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院研究室,北京100745

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2022年第8期28-38,共11页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项“运用司法解释弘扬社会主义核心价值观研究”(项目编号:19VHJ002)。

摘　　要：妨害兴奋剂管理罪是《刑法修正案(十一)》的新设罪名,该罪名的设立实现了对兴奋剂犯罪由适用其他罪名“迂回惩治”到“直接规制”的转型,进一步强化了反兴奋剂斗争的刑法保障机制。当前,应当尽快制定新的司法解释,进一步统一法律适用。妨害兴奋剂管理罪的保护法益为国内、国际重大体育竞赛的公平竞争秩序和运动员的身心健康。妨害兴奋剂管理罪客观方面有2种行为类型,表现为“情节犯+行为犯”的模式。对妨害兴奋剂管理罪所涉兴奋剂,不宜直接依据世界反兴奋剂机构每年公布的禁用清单确定,而应当依据行为发生时国务院体育主管部门会同有关部门制定、调整并公布的兴奋剂目录加以把握。就引诱、教唆、欺骗使用兴奋剂或者提供兴奋剂入罪所要求的“情节严重”而言,应当综合主客观要素加以考量。就行刑关系而言,办理妨害兴奋剂管理刑事案件,应当妥当把握行政证据的使用、刑罚执行与禁赛处罚的关系、罚金与罚款及负担兴奋剂检测费用的关系3个问题,真正实现有序衔接。The crime against doping regulations is a new crime in the“Criminal Law Amendment(11)”. The establishment of this crime realizes the punishment for doping crimes from“circumferential”application of other crimes to direct regulation,which further strengthens the criminal law guarantee mechanism for doping regulations.Currently,a new judicial interpretation should be formulated as soon as possible to further unify the application of the law. The legally protected interests of the crime against doping regulations are the fair competition order of major domestic and international sporting competitions and the physical and mental health of athletes. The behavior of the crime against doping regulations can be classified into two types,which are represented by the mode of“circumstance crime + behavior crime”. The doping involved in the crime against doping regulations should be determined based on the doping catalog formulated,adjusted,and announced by the State Council’s sports department in conjunction with relevant departments when the act occurs,rather than on the prohibited list published by the World Anti-Doping Agency each year. In the case of the“serious circumstances”required for the criminalization of the inducement,instigation or deception of doping,both the subjective and objective elements should be considered. In terms of the relationship between administrative punishment and criminal punishment,when handling a criminal case against doping regulations,three issues should be properly dealt with,such as the use of administrative evidence,the relationship between penalty execution and suspension,and the relationship between fines and doping testing expenses,so as to truly realize the orderly connection.

关 键 词：妨害兴奋剂管理罪 情节犯 行为犯 行刑衔接 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]