废旧塑料摩擦荷电机理及摩擦电选技术研究进展  

Tribocharging mechanism and triboelectric separation technology of waste plastics

作　　者：师吉兰 徐勇强 王海锋[1] 何亚群[1] Jilan SHI;Yongqiang XU;Haifeng WANG;Yaqun HE(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《过程工程学报》2022年第8期1001-1010,共10页The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:51674257)。

摘　　要：塑料由于材质轻、化学性质稳定、成本低、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性好等优点被广泛应用于工程建设、食品安全、交通运输以及医疗等领域,如果处理不当会对环境造成严重的污染,废塑料污染防治已成为全球关注的环境问题。目前处理废旧塑料的常用方法有风选法、浮选法、静电分离法和光选法等,摩擦电选作为一种新型干式分选方法越来越受到研究者们的重视,其具有工艺简单、污染小、投资少、成本低等优点。本工作针对废旧塑料的分选回收利用,详细介绍了摩擦电选的荷电机理、影响因素、荷电装置和分选设备的研究现状,指出了目前通过摩擦电选回收废旧塑料的技术问题,并对摩擦电选技术未来的发展趋势和应用进行了展望。Plastics are widely used in the fields of engineering construction, food safety, transportation, and medical treatment due to the advantages of light material, stable chemical properties, low cost, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. If it is not handled properly, it will cause serious environmental pollution and waste. The prevention and control of plastic pollution have become an environmental issue of global concern. At present, the recycling methods for processing waste plastics include primary recycling, energy recycling, mechanical recycling and chemical recycling. Mechanical recycling has become the most commonly used method for processing waste plastics due to its simple processing technology, low equipment cost, and low investment. Commonly used mechanical treatment methods include wind separation, flotation, electrostatic separation, optical separation, etc. As a new type of dry separation method, triboelectric separation has been paid more and more attention by researchers because of its advantages of simple process, less pollution, less investment and low cost. It uses the contact, collision, friction between minerals, or the friction between minerals and the feeding trough, to generate charges of different magnitudes and opposite signs. When fed into a high-voltage electric field, the resulting motion trajectories are also significantly different due to the different signs of the particle charges, separating the two minerals. It mainly includes two processes of triboelectric charging and electrostatic sorting. The materials to be sorted carry charges of different polarities after friction, which is the prerequisite for triboelectric sorting and separation. Aiming at the sorting and recycling of waste plastics, this work introduces the charging mechanism, influencing factors, charging device, and sorting device of triboelectric separation in detail, and points out the technical problems of recycling waste plastics by triboelectric separation. The future development direction of triboelectric se

关 键 词：废旧塑料 摩擦电选 荷电机理 荷电装置 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]