中国水稻种业发展现状、问题与展望  

Current Situations,Problems and Prospects of Rice Seed Industry in China

作　　者：徐春春[1] 闻军清 纪龙[1] 陈中督 方福平[1] XU Chunchun;WEN Junqing;JI Long;CHEN Zhongdu;FANG Fuping(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Fuyang District,Hangzhou 311499,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006 [2]杭州市富阳区农业农村局,杭州311499

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第5期74-78,共5页China Rice

基　　金：浙江省自科基金重点项目“水稻收入保险试点效果评估与WTO规则下政策优化研究”(LZ22G030007);2022年农业农村部政府购买服务项目“主产区水稻产业生产情况调研及技术指导”“稻谷市场分析预警、调研及会商”“再生稻生产潜力调查”。

摘　　要：“十二五”以来,我国水稻审定品种数量快速增加,结构类型逐步优化;杂交稻制种面积波动明显,制种结构不断优化;种子市场价格稳步上涨,市场规模不断扩大;大面积推广品种数量和面积双减,品种优质率明显提升;水稻种子出口贸易量窄幅波动,贸易金额稳步增长。但同时,我国水稻种业发展也面临育种创新能力有待增强、企业竞争力有待提升、种子生产水平有待提高、杂交稻种子出口有待扩大等问题与挑战。从未来发展看,生物育种等新技术将加速发展,突破性新品种将加快推广应用,种子市场集中度将持续提升,杂交稻国际战略将从产品输出向技术输出转变。Since the 12th Five-Year Plan,the number of certified rice varieties has increased rapidly and the structure types of rice have been gradually optimized.The production area of hybrid rice seed fluctuated greatly with continuous optimization for the structure.The prices of seeds were steadily rising,and the market scale expanded ceaselessly.Both the number and area of the main varieties in the production were declined,while the varieties quality improved significantly.The export of rice seeds fluctuated in a narrow range with a steady growth for the export value.At the same time,the seed industry in China are facing a series of prominent problems,such as low innovation ability of breeding,weak competitiveness of enterprises,low level in seed production,and increasing difficulty for the export of hybrid rice seeds,etc.From the perspective of future development,new technologies such as biological breeding will enter a phase of rapid development,and the application of breakthrough new varieties will be accelerated.The concentration of seed market will be further improved,and the international competitive strategy of hybrid rice will change from product output to technology output.

关 键 词：水稻 种业 现状 问题 生物育种 展望 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]