24份热带玉米自交系主要农艺性状的遗传效应分析  

Genetic effect analysis of main agronomic characters of 24 tropical maize inbred lines

作　　者：邹成林[1] 谭华[1] 黄开健[1] 黄爱花[1] 翟瑞宁 莫润秀[1] 韦新兴[1] 杨萌 吕巨智[1] 黄艳芬 ZOU Cheng-lin;TAN Hua;HUANG Kai-jian;HUANG Ai-hua;ZHAI Rui-ning;MO Run-xiu;WEI Xin-xing;YANG Meng;LYU Ju-zhi;HUANG Yan-fen(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第7期1500-1508,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100105,2016YFD01011206-6);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204064);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-04-04);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT015)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)玉米自交系和广西玉米自交系主要农艺性状的配合力[一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)]和遗传效应,为广西合理利用热带玉米种质提供参考依据。【方法】以4个广西骨干玉米自交系SP221、先21A、桂39722和桂兆18421为测验种,采用NCII遗传交配设计,对24个热带玉米自交系(12个CIMMYT引进系和12个广西自选系)的10个农艺性状(株高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、穗位高、行粒数、秃尖、百粒重、出籽率和单株产量)进行配合力测定和遗传效应分析,评价各自交系的利用潜力。【结果】在24个热带玉米自交系中,DTMA-191和QP103各农艺性状的GCA表现优良,杂交组合中SP221×D13032、先21A×CML460和先21A×D11231株高、穗长、穗粗、穗位高、行粒数、秃尖、百粒重、出籽率和单株产量的SCA表现优良。与12个CIMMYT玉米自交系各农艺性状的平均GCA相比,12个广西玉米自交系的秃尖表现较差,穗位高和百粒重表现较好。在所配制组合各农艺性状的SCA中,广西玉米自交系对提高单株产量和抑制秃尖具有明显优势,CIMMYT玉米自交系在降低穗位高和提高百粒重方面表现较好。遗传力分析结果表明,28个玉米自交系穗位高和秃尖的狭义遗传力分别为54.01%和52.46%,其他农艺性状的狭义遗传力均小于50.00%。【结论】玉米自交系DTMA-191和QP103各主要农艺性状综合表现优良,可作为重点利用自交系;杂交组合SP221×D13032、先21A×CML460和先21A×D11231的多数性状综合表现较好,可用于开展玉米品种区域试验。在育种实践中,提高单株产量和改良秃尖应侧重利用广西玉米自交系,降低穗位高和提高百粒重应侧重利用CIMMYT玉米自交系。在热带玉米育种过程中穗位高和秃尖应进行早代选择,株高、穗长、穗粗、行数、行粒数、百粒重、出籽率和单株产量应进行晚代选择。【Objective】The combining ability[general combining ability(GCA) and special combining ability(SCA)]and genetic effects of main agronomic characters of CIMMYT maize inbred lines and Guangxi maize inbred lines were analyzed, so as to provide reference for utilization of tropical maize germplasm in Guangxi.【Method】Using 4 Guangxi backbone maize inbred lines(SP221,Xian 21 A,Gui 39722 and Guizhao 18421) as testers, the combining ability and genetic effect of 10 agronomic characters(plant height, ear length, ear diameter, row number, ear height, kernel row number, barren ear tip, 100-kernel weight, kernel ratio and yield per plant) of 24 tropical maize inbred lines(12 CIMMYT introduced lines and 12 Guangxi selected lines) were measured and analyzed to evaluate the utilization potential of their respective inbred lines by NCII genetic mating design.【Result】Among the 24 tropical maize inbred lines, DTMA-191 and QP103 showed excellent GCA of agronomic characters, and the hybrid combinations SP221×D13032,Xian 21 A×CML460 and Xian 21 A×D11231 showed excellent SCA of plant height, ear length, ear diameter, ear height, kernel row number, barren ear tip, 100-kernel weight, kernel ratio and yield per plant. Compared with the average GCA of 12 CIMMYT maize inbred lines, the 12 Guangxi inbred lines showed poor barren ear tip and better ear height and 100-kernel. Among the SCA of various agronomic characters of the combination, Guangxi maize inbred lines had obvious advantages in increasing yield per plant and inhibiting barren ear tip, and CIMMYT inbred lines had better performance in reducing ear height and increasing 100-kernel weight. The results of heritability analysis showed that the narrow heritability of ear height and barren ear tip were 54.01% and 52.46% respectively, and the narrow heritability of other characters were less than 50.00%.【Conclusion】Maize inbred lines DTMA-191 and QP103 main agronomic characters are excellent, therefore, they can be used as key inbred lines. Most agronomic characters o

关 键 词：热带种质 自交系 配合力 遗传效应 玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]