重庆市农民合作社时空扩展特征及其产业运作模式  

Spatio-temporal expansion characteristics and industrial operation mode of Chongqing farmers’cooperatives

作　　者：刘竞宇 张仕超[1,2] 梁靖茹 熊熙 聂书琼 LIU Jing-yu;ZHANG Shi-chao;LIANG Jing-ru;XIONG Xi;NIE Shu-qiong(College of Geography and Tourism,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Georges Reservoir Area,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆401331 [2]三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第7期1723-1732,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971244);国家自然科学基金项目(41501104);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0696)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究重庆不同地形区农民合作社的时空拓展特征及产业运作模式,掌握重庆农民合作社发展规律,分析不同产业模式选择的差异,为推进合作社分类培育和差别化扶持政策制定提供数据支撑。【方法】以重庆市2528家合作社为样本,综合运用地形分布指数、标准差椭圆等方法分析了不同产业类型合作社在四类地形区的时空格局及拓展特征,并结合问卷调查,梳理提炼了合作社的运作模式。【结果】①重庆市农民合作社发展总体呈4个阶段,2002—2006年合作社数量缓慢增长,2007—2010年高速增长,2011—2014年增速减缓,2015—2018年增速明显下降。从地形区来看,Ⅳ区增速最快,Ⅱ区、Ⅰ区次之,Ⅲ区增速最慢。②不同产业类型合作社增长优势区差异显著。牲畜、家禽产业增长优势区为Ⅳ区,果蔬、粮油、综合产业增长优势区为Ⅰ、Ⅱ区,花木、茶叶、花椒产业增长优势区为Ⅱ区,烟草、中药材产业增长优势区为Ⅲ、Ⅳ区。③除粮油产业合作社2002—2006年呈东南—西北向分布,其余产业类型合作社各阶段均呈西南—东北向分布。④合作社产业运作模式主要有6种,运用“公司+合作社+基地+农户”模式的有牲畜、家禽、果蔬、花木和粮油产业,运用“公司+合作社+农户”模式的有果蔬、花木、粮油等产业,运用“合作社+基地+农户”模式的有果蔬和花木产业,运用“互联网+合作社+农户”模式的有牲畜、家禽等产业,运用“合作社+农户”模式的有果蔬、粮油产业,运用“公司+合作社+基地+家庭农场”模式的有牲畜产业。【结论】重庆市农民合作社总体数量不断增长,不同产业增长优势区有一定差异,随时间不断向东北方向演进,且各产业的运作模式呈多样化。应根据合作社时空特征,因地制宜,找准产业运作模式,促进合作社稳步发展。【Objective】This paper explored the temporal and spatial expansion characteristics and industrial operation mode of farmers’cooperatives in different topographical areas of Chongqing,mastered the development law of farmers’cooperatives in Chongqing and analyzed the differences in the selection of different industrial modes,in order to provide data support for promoting the classified cultivation of cooperatives and the formulation of differentiated support policies.【Method】This paper used 2528 farmers’cooperatives in Chongqing as a sample,comprehensively used terrain distribution index,standard deviation ellipse and other methods to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns and expansion characteristics of cooperatives of different industrial types in four types of terrain.And combined with the questionnaire survey,combed and refined the cooperative operation mode.【Result】(i)The development of farmers’cooperatives in Chongqing showed four growth stages in general,with slow growth from 2002 to 2006,rapid growth from 2007 to 2010,the growth rate slowed down from 2011 to 2014,and the growth rate from 2015 to 2018 has dropped significantly.From the perspective of topographical area,the growth rate of AreaⅣis the fastest,followed by AreaⅡand AreaⅠ,and AreaⅢhad the slowest growth rate.(ii)The growth advantages of cooperatives in different industries vary significantly.The growth advantage zone of livestock and poultry industry was AreaⅣ.The growth advantage zone of the fruit and vegetable,grain and oil,and comprehensive industries were AreaⅠand AreaⅡ.The growth advantage zone of the flower,tree,tea,and peppercorn industries are AreaⅡ,the tobacco and Chinese medicinal materials industries are AreaⅢand AreaⅣ.(iii)Except for the grain and oil industry cooperatives in the southeast-northwest direction from 2002 to 2006,the rest of the industrial cooperatives had a southwest-northeast distribution at various stages.(iv)There were six main modes of cooperative industrial operation,the l

关 键 词：新型农业经营主体 农民合作社 产业模式 时空变化 丘陵山区 

分 类 号：F325.1[经济管理—产业经济]