藏语的差比标记及来源  

Comparative Markers and Their Origins in Tibetan

作　　者：邵明园[1] SHAO Mingyuan

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系,广州510275

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2022年第1期32-57,共26页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金“藏语示证范畴研究”(16CYY057)资助。

摘　　要：差比句是语言类型学研究的重要参项,其中差比标记尤为受到重视。藏语差比标记位于比较基准之后,与藏语的SOV语序相和谐。藏语差比标记古今有别,方言有异,整体上有格助词型和方位名词+向格型两类,另外话题构式也用于表达差比句。历史上,差比标记有名词和动词两种来源,但以名词来源为主。藏语有些比较标记类型,如属格/施格型,在人类语言中也较为罕见。Comparative constructions have been attracted great interest in linguistic typology research,particularly constructions with dedicated comparative markers.In Tibetan,the comparative marker follows the NP for the referent that serves as the standard for comparison.This order is in harmony with the SOV word order of main clauses.Comparative markers vary across Tibetan dialects and different stages of Written Tibetan,but could generally be classified into two types:case markers or a relator noun construction with the schema of[locative noun+allative].Moreover,the topic schema is also commonly adopted to express comparative concepts.Historically,comparative markers can be traced back to noun or verb,but nouns are the most common origin.Notably,genitive and ergative case in comparative constructions in Tibetan is cross-linguistically uncommon.

关 键 词：差比句 差比标记 书面藏语 藏语方言 语法化 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]