蔗叶残株不同处理方式对宿根蔗出苗生长的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments for Leaf Residues on the Emergence and Growth in Ratoon Sugarcane

作　　者：罗亚伟[1] 梁阗[1] 黄金生[2] 高轶静[1] 何为中[1] 谭宏伟[2] 周柳强[2] 刘丽敏[1] 刘红坚[1] 李涛[1] LUO Yawei;LIANG Tian;HUANG Jinsheng;GAO Yijing;HE Weizhong;TAN Hongwei;ZHOULiuqiang;LIU Limin;LIU Hongjian;LI Tao(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2022年第4期13-18,共6页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“热带作物增产节本增效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1000600);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-170206);广西农业科学院项目(桂TS202105、桂TS2016022);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队病虫害防治岗位(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03-03)。

摘　　要：生产上,甘蔗收获后蔗叶残株处理通常有原地覆盖(或人工收集隔行覆盖)、蔗叶残株原地焚烧、机械粉碎还田、人工捡拾和机械打捆捡拾等几种方式,为了解不同的处理方式对宿根蔗的影响,进行了留宿蔗地蔗叶残株不同处理方式对宿根蔗出苗生长的影响试验。结果表明:蔗地残株粉碎+平茬、残株焚烧、残株粉碎和捡拾清理均能有效提高宿根蔗的萌芽出苗率,促进蔗苗的生长和分蘖。其中,以残株粉碎+平茬处理最优,其宿根蔗的出苗率、分蘖率、苗高和叶长分别比原地覆盖(对照)提高14.6%(绝对值)、16.2%(绝对值)、35.3%、16%,可以替代蔗叶残株焚烧,是一种高效环保的栽培管理措施。In the production,the treatment of sugarcane leaf residues after sugarcane harvest usually includes insitu covering(or interlacing cover with manual collection),in-situ burning,returning to the field by mechanical crushing,manual picking up and mechanical bundling and picking up.In order to understand the effect of different treatments for leaf residues on emergence and seedling growth in ratoon sugarcane,the experiment was carried out.The results showed that germination rate,growth and tillering could effectively be improved with the treatments for leaf residues of crushing+stubble shaving,burning,crushing and picking up and cleaning.Among them,the treatment of crushing+stubble shaving is the best with the germination rate of 14.6%,tillering rate of 16.2%,seedling height of 35.3%and the leaf length of 16%higher than those in situ covering(control).That could replace the burning of sugarcane leaf residues,it is a high-efficient and environmentally friendly cultivation and management measure.

关 键 词：宿根蔗 蔗叶残株 农艺性状 栽培措施 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]