共同富裕视阈下农村集体经济的分配问题  

Income Distribution of Rural Collective Economy from the Perspective of Common Prosperity

作　　者：陆雷[1] 赵黎[1] Lu Lei;Zhao Li(Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2022年第10期1-8,共8页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目《农民合作社参与农村社会治理的实现机制和路径研究》(19BJY146);中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目《健全完善新型农村集体经济运行机制调研》(GQZD2023006)。

摘　　要：实现农村集体经济“维护集体成员权益、实现共同富裕”的宗旨,是社会主义公有制的应有之义。文章聚焦于农村集体经济收益分配的现状与问题,探讨农村集体经济收益分配制度改革如何促进农民农村实现共同富裕这一时代性主题。从夯实共同富裕的基础看,随着农村集体产权制度改革任务如期完成,村集体资产规模、收入与支出都持续增加,村集体经营收益和可分配收益也显著增加。然而,村集体经营收益并不构成村集体经济组织主要收益来源,且在村域之间分布极不均衡,共同富裕的发展起点不公平。受到经营项目的制约,农村集体经济“统”的部分创收增长空间有限,经营性资产持续盈利和投资能力不高,非经营支出占比过大。从迈向共同富裕的路径看,虽然农村集体经济整体发展水平迅速提升,但集体经济收益分配原则不明确,难以保障不同群体村民的财产权益。村民共享以村级公益设施与公共服务供给为主。从实现共同富裕的目标看,由于存在村集体收益分配能力不足、治理结构不完善、分配实践不普及等问题,农民对集体资产股份收益分配权难以得到持续稳定的实现。在乡村振兴和城乡融合发展的背景下,建议在未来立法中明示农村集体经济组织宗旨和性质在市场经济条件下的实现方式,以村民共享为目标,以扩大农村集体产权结构开放性为核心,分地区、分时段完善农村集体经济组织的治理机制和分配机制,推进农村集体经济组织的现代化转型。Realizing the purpose of “safeguarding the rights and interests of collective members and realizing common prosperity” of rural collective economy is the due meaning of socialist public ownership. This paper focuses on the current situation of rural collective economic organizations and explores the possibilities to improve collective income distribution system in rural areas. From the perspective of consolidating the foundation for common prosperity, the scale of village collective assets, income and expenditure have continued to increase, and their business income and distributable income have also increased significantly. However, the income from business operation does not constitute the main source of village collective income, and its distribution is extremely uneven among villages. Village collective continuous profitability and investment abilities from business assets are not high, and the proportion of non-business expenses remains too large. From the perspective of development path towards common prosperity, the principles of income distribution are unclear, which makes it difficult to protect the property rights and interests of different groups of villagers. Villagers have enjoyed bonus from the development of rural collective economy mainly in the form of village collective provision of public welfare facilities and public services. From the perspective of achieving the goal of common prosperity, in view of the insufficient ability of village collective income distribution, yet-to-be improved governance structure and limited distribution practices, it is difficult for farmers to share income distribution of collective assets in a stable and sustainable manner. In the context of rural revitalization and urban-rural integration development, it is suggested that the way to realize the purpose and nature of rural collective economic organizations under the condition of market economy should be clearly stated in the future legislation, with the goal of villagers’ sharing and the core of expanding t

关 键 词：集体经济 农村集体经济组织 共同富裕 分配 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]