2021年北京市丰台区重点场所非流行季诺如病毒污染状况分析  

Analysis on norovirus prevalence in important institutions in Fengtai District of Beijing during non-epidemic seasons in 2021

作　　者：尹松月 信振江[1] 尉秀霞[1] 秦萌[1] 高志勇[2] 曹佳琪 王兆娥[1] 张志敏 武庆锐[1] 张建军[1] 张玲[1] YIN Song-yue;XIN Zhen-jiang;WEI Xiu-xia;QIN Meng;GAO Zhi-yong;CAO Jia-qi;WANG Zhao-e;ZHANG Zhi-min;WU Qing-rui;ZHANG Jian-jun;ZHANG Ling(Beijing Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100071,China;Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China.)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100071 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2022年第8期1093-1098,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：丰台区卫生健康系统科研项目(项目编号:2019-125);中美新发再发传染病国际合作项目(项目编号:1U01GH002224)。

摘　　要：目的 调查北京市丰台区重点场所环境中诺如病毒污染情况和工作人员中诺如病毒隐性感染状况及型别,为诺如病毒防控提供科学参考依据。方法 采用横断面研究,于2021-04在北京市丰台区抽取学校、托幼机构、养老机构、餐饮服务单位、集体用餐配送单位、送餐服务机构、宾馆住宿场所、建筑工地等8类重点场所,采集环境标本和工作人员肛拭子标本,从中提取核酸,使用荧光定量PCR技术进行诺如病毒核酸检测,采用一步法逆转录PCR扩增特异性核酸片段,分析诺如病毒亚型。结果 采集上述8类重点场所中36家机构的551个环境涂抹标本,未检出诺如病毒;采集31家机构工作人员的206个肛拭子标本,其中1份诺如病毒检测阳性,检出率为0.49%,基因型别为GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.4。结论 在2021年诺如病毒非流行期间北京市丰台区重点场所中,环境污染阳性率为0%,工作人员阳性率较低,为了避免或减少诺如疫情的发生,仍需进一步做好针对性的防控工作。Objective To investigate the status of norovirus contamination in the environment of important institutions and the asymptomatic infection and subtypes of norovirus among the staff in these institutions in Fengtai District,Beijing,so as to provide scientific reference for the prevention and control of norovirus.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2021.Schools,kindergarten units,nursing homes,restaurants,collective meal distribution entities,meal delivery service units,hotels and building sites were selected from Fengtai District,Beijing.Then environmental specimens were collected from the above institutions,and anal swabs were collected from staffs,nuclear acid was extracted.Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect norovirus nucleic acid.One-step reverse transcription PCR was used to amplify specific nucleic acid fragments and detect norovirus subtypes.Results A total of 551 environmental samples were collected from 36institutions and 206 anal swab samples were collected from staff of 31 institutions,the institutions are all from 8 important institutions mentioned above.The positive rate of environmental pollution was 0% and the norovirus asymptomatic infection rate of staff was 0.49%,the main subtype was GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.4.Conclusions During the norovirus non-epidemic period in 2021,the positive rate of environmental pollution was 0% in key institutions in Fengtai district,Beijing,and the positive rate of staff was low.In order to avoid or reduce the occurrence of norovirus,further targeted prevention and control work was needed.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 污染 隐性感染 型别 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]